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동아시아불교

The Background of the Preface Compilation in The Awakening of Faith in the Mahāyāna (大乘起信論) translated by Śikṣānanda (實叉難陀) and the Influence of Fazang (法藏)

실차난타 譯 『대승기신론』 서문의 편찬 배경과 법장의 영향

한민수(서담)

Minsu Han (Ven. Seodam)

동국대학교(서울) 한문불전번역학과 박사과정
Doctorate Course Dep. of East Asian Buddhist Literature Translation, Dongguk Univ
30 September 2020. pp. 61-92
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Abstract

In general, the text of The Awakening of Faith (起信論) translated by Śikṣānanda drew less interests, and the preface was judged to have no historical value.

There are two points to be noted in this paper: First, when and where the preface of the Śikṣānanda version was compiled? Second, what is the philosophical background of the preface? The first question was examined through the list of various Buddhist literatures and the information from the ancient documents of the Nara period in Japan. As a result, it was found that the preface of the newly translated The Awakening of Faith was not circulated in China, but was distributed with the text from the early days of the introduction to Japan.

The second question required to examine the Buddhist literatures mentioned in the preface and the relationship with Fazang (法藏). As a result, it was revealed that the preface was written with reference to Qixinlun-yiji (起信論義記) and Tanxuanji (探玄記). In Japan, the Tanxuanji was first lectured around 742, but it was difficult to know when the lecture on the Qixinlun-yiji was started. Therefore, considering this situation in Japan, it was assumed that this preface was written in Silla period in Korea.

Besides, Śikṣānanda version preface is also very important in the history of philosophy. It shows that first, in the 8th century, Silla was accepting the Fazang’s vijñapti-mātratā (唯識思想), and second, the debate intensified over the theory of mind and consciousness (心識論). Therefore, it is necessary to deepen this philosophical and historical meaning through other literatures.

Keywords
The Awakening of Faith
Śikṣānanda
Silla
Fazang
the theory of mind and consciousness

『대승기신론』은 현재까지 2가지 번역본으로 전해진다. 두 문헌은 모두 서문과 함께 존재하지만, 본문에 대한 연구가 주를 이루었다. 반면 서문의 가치에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 미비하였다. 특히 실차난타(實叉難陀) 역은 본문에 대한 관심도 적을 뿐만 아니라, 서문 역시 역사적 가치가 없다고 평가되었다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 설명과는 다른 관점에서 S본 서문을 살펴보고자 한다.

본 논문에서 주목하고자 한 것은 2가지 점이다. 첫째, S본 서문이 찬술된 시기와 지역. 둘째, 서문의 사상적 배경이다. 먼저 첫 번째 문제는 여러 불전(佛典) 목록들과 나라(奈良)시대 고문서에 나타난 서지사항들을 통해 고찰하였다. 그 결과 새롭게 번역된 『기신론』의 서문은 중국 내에서 유통되지 않았고, 일본에서 전래 초기부터 본문과 함께 전승되었음을 알 수 있었다. 두 번째 문제는 서문 안에 거론된 불교 문헌들을 조사하여 법장(法藏)과의 관련성을 조사하였다. 특히 『기신론의기』와 『탐현기』를 주목하여 본 서문이 작성되었음을 밝혔다. 그런데 일본의 경우 『탐현기』를 처음 강의한 것이 742년 무렵이고, 『기신론의기』에 대한 강의가 언제부터 이루어졌는지 알기 어렵다. 따라서 이러한 상황을 고려할 때, 본 서문은 신라에서 저술되었을 것이라고 추정하였다.

S본 서문이 가진 사상사적 의의 역시 적지 않다. 첫째, 8세기 신라에서도 법장의 십중유식(十重唯識)을 수용하고 있었다는 점. 둘째, 심식론(心識論)을 두고 논쟁이 심화되었다는 점. 셋째, 현장의 번역서들에 대해 무분별한 비판은 존재하지 않았다는 점 등이 그것이다. 따라서 이후 다른 문헌들을 통해 이러한 사상사적 의미를 심화할 필요가 있을 것이다.

키워드
『기신론』
실차난타
신라
법장
심식론
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Information
  • Publisher :Korean Association of Buddhist Studies
  • Publisher(Ko) :불교학연구회
  • Journal Title :Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies
  • Journal Title(Ko) :불교학연구
  • Volume : 64
  • No :0
  • Pages :61-92
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.21482/jbs.64..202009.61
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