Study on an Ancient Music Score of Mongolian Buddhist Song, “Tsagaan dara ehiin zalbiral”

doi:10.21482/jbs.72..20229.89

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투고논문

Study on an Ancient Music Score of Mongolian Buddhist Song, “Tsagaan dara ehiin zalbiral” 몽골불교 노래 <차강 다라 에힝 잘비랄>의 고악보 연구: 박상후
PARK, Sanghu; 영남대학교 음악과 연구교수

Research Professor, Music Department, Yeungnam University

30 September 2022. pp. 89∼116

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Abstract

This paper is a comparative analysis of the ancient music score and sound source of Mongolian Buddhist song, Gur duu. For the comparative analysis, this paper used the ancient music score from 1897 owned by Aimag Folk Museum at Bayankhongor, Mongolia and transcribed it into staff notation by using the sound source recorded in 1979 with the same title, “Tsagaan dara ehiin zalbiral,” owned by Institute of Language and Literature, Mongolian Academy of Science.
The manuscript from 1897 includes total of 64 Gur duu pieces, and each piece is divided into 3 keys: upper, lower, and tsakhar. The Gur duu piece, “Tsagaan dara ehiin zalbiral,” analyzed in this paper falls under the upper key of the 10-string yatgalig.
The register for the “Tsagaan dara ehiin zalbiral” Gur duu in the manuscript ranges from the low octave sol (G) to the higher octave la (A) in fa (F) major. Meanwhile, “Tsagaan dara ehiin zalbiral” in the recorded sound source is in do (C) major, and its register extends from the low la (A) note to high do (C) with 10 intervals.
In the ancient music score of the “Tsagaan dara ehiin zalbiral” Gur duu, the ancient music score was composed of six lines, while the recorded sound source included eight phrases. Each song was sung in both closed and open sets.
In this comparative analysis of the ancient music score and sound source, which were preserved in the form of a written record and oral tradition with about a 100-year gap, the ancient music score and sound source showed the same key but presented differences in melody and lyrics. It is assumed that the beat got faster over time. This study makes a significant contribution by comparing the written tradition and oral tradition by using an ancient music score and sound source.

Keywords

Mongolian Buddhist Music

Gur duu

Mongolian Ancient Music Score

Tsagaan dara ehiin zalbiral

10-string yatgalig

본 연구는 몽골불교 노래인 구르 도의 고악보와 음원 자료의 비교 연구이다. 1897년에 편찬된 몽골 바양홍고르 아이막(Баянхонгор аймаг) 향토박물관 소장의 고악보와 1979년에 녹음된 몽골과학아카데미 어문학연구소에서 소장의 음원 자료에서 같은 곡목인 <차강 다라 에힝 잘비랄(Цагаан дара эхийн залбирал)>을 오선보로 역보 및 채보하여 비교 분석하였다.
본고에서 활용하는 1897년도 필사본에 수록된 구르 도는 총 64곡으로 구성되며, 각 곡은 ‘데드(дээд)’, ‘도드(доод)’, ‘차하르(цахар)’라는 3가지 조로 나누어진다. 본 연구에서 분석하는 <차강 다라 에힝 잘비랄> 구르 도는 10현 야트갈릭 악기의 ‘데드’조에 포함된다.
필사본에 나타나는 <차강 다라 에힝 잘비랄 > 구르 도의 음역은 낮은 옥타브 솔(g)음부터 한 옥타브 위인 라(a)까지 9도였고, 파(F)장조에 해당한다. 반면, 녹음된 음원에 있는 <차강 다라 에힝 잘비랄 > 구르 도는 도(C)장조에 해당하며, 음역은 낮은 라(a) 음부터 높은 도(c) 음까지 10도였다.
<차강 다라 에힝 잘비랄>구르 도의 고악보는 6획으로 구성되어 있으며, 녹음된 음원의 노래는 8소악절로 구성되어 있다. 고악보와 녹음 음원의 선율은 개방형 음절과 폐쇄형 음절의 자유로운 구조로 부르게 되어 있다.
약 100년의 시공간적 차이가 있는 고악보와 음원 자료의 비교 연구로서, 기록과 구전이라는 보전체계가 다른 연구자료의 음악적 분석 연구에서 조(調)의 변화는 없지만 선율과 가사 붙임새에 차이점이 있으며, 박자도 시간이 흐름에 따라 빨라졌을 것으로 보인다. 이렇게 본 연구는 기록전승과 구비전승의 단면을 고악보와 음원 자료로서 비교해 본 것이다.

키워드

몽골불교음악

구르 도

몽골 고악보

차강 다라 에힝 잘비랄

10현 야트갈릭

References

◆ 약호 및 일차 문헌 ABBREVIATIONS AND PRIMARY SOURCES

『Гүр дууны ян ег 62.5-5』 (Gur duuni yang yig　62.5-5).
『Гүр дуу 561-1-11』 (Gur duu　561-1-11).

◆ 이차 문헌 SECONDARY LITERATURE

B, Smirnov 1971. Монгольская народная музыка [*Mongolian traditional music], Moscow: Soviet composer.
CHINBAT, Baasankhuu (칭바트 바상후). 2016. 「몽골 야탁과 한국 가야금의 음악학적 비교연구」 [*A Comparative Musicological Study of Mongolian Yatga and Korean Gayageum], 영남대학교 박사학위논문 (PhD Thesis University of Yeungnam).
CH, Baasankhuu (체. 바상후). 2017. Монголын бурханы шашны дуу, хөгжим ГҮР ДУУ [*Mongolian Buddhist song, music Gur duu], Ulaanbaatar: Udam soyol.
D, Sumiya (데. 소미야). 2002. Дара эхийн магтаалын нээх утга [*White Tara Verse Meaning], Ulaanbaatar: Tsomorlig press.
D, Tserensodnom (데. 체렌소드놈). 1997. Монголын бурханы шашны уран зохиол [*Mongolian Buddhist Literature], Ulaanbaatar: Linguistics institute.
D, Yondon (데.연동). 1980. Төвд монголын уран зохиолын харилцааны асуудалд [*Relations and problems between Tibetan and Mongolian literature], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.
G, Badrah (게.바드라흐). 1960. Монголын хөгжмийн түүхээс [*Mongolian music history], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.
G, Rinchensambuu (게. 렌첸삼보). 1959. Монгол дууны яруу найргын төрөл зүйл [*Types of Mongolian Song Poetry], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.
G, Tuvshintur․B. Soronzonbold (게. 툽신투르․ 베. 소론존볼드). 2014. “Зурлагын өндөр намыг тэжээхүй ухаантай холбон тайлбарлах нь” [*Explaining low and high strokes n connection with medicine], in Melody is a song of meditation, Ulaanbaatar: Cultural Research Institute, 48-52.
J, Tugsjargal (쩨. 톡스짜르갈). 2014. “Ая дангийн тэмдэглэгээн дэх хэмнэл, эгшиглэгээнд холбогдох зарим асуудал” [*Some problems with notes in the rhythm of melodic notation], in Melody is a song of meditation, Ulaanbaatar: Cultural Research Institute, 27-45.
J, Enebish (쩨.엔비쉬). 1978. “Баянхонгор аймагт хийсэн эрдэм шинжилгээ судалгааны тайлан” [“A Report from a research study in Bayankhongor aimag”], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.
KH, Perlee (헤. 페를레). 1976. Хуучин дуу аялгуу [*Old songs and melodies], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.
L, Hurelbaatar (엘. 후렐바타르). 1989. Сонгодог уламжлал монгол яруу найраг [*Classical Traditions fo Mongolian Poety], Ulaanbaatar: State publishing house.
L, Hurelbaatar (엘. 후렐바타르). 2002. Судар шастирийн билэг [*The wisdom of the scriptures], Ulaanbaatar. Interpress press.
L, Erdenechimeg (엘. 에르덴치멕). 1991. “Шашны хөгжмийн тэмдэглэгээ” [*“Religious music notation”], Coordinates of opinion, No. 6. 8-21.
______. 1995. Монгол гүр дууны бичиг [*Note of the Gur duu], Ulaanbaatar: Cultural Research Institute.
______. 2001. Монгол гүр дууны гүн эгшиглэнгийн увдис［*Gur duu's Deep Melogy Magic], Ulaanbaatar: Interpress press.
______. 2015. Монгол гүр дуу III [*Mongolian Gur duu III], Ulaanbaatar: Ungut khevlel press.
Munkhtsesteg․Munkhtuya․Nasanjargal (뭉흐토야․뭉흐체첵․나상짜르갈). 2012. Ордос ардын дууны цуглуулга; Хангин гүр дуу [*Collections of Ordos folk songs; Hangin Gur duu], Huhhot: University of Inner Mongolia.
N, Narangerel (엔.나랑게렐). 2011. Чин сүзэгт номун ханы өв соёл [*Heritage Culture of Chin Suzegt Nomun Khan], Ulaanbaatar: Soyombo press.
PARK, Sohyun (박소현). 2012. 「몽골 불교음악 연구」 [*Mongoilan Buddihist Music Studies], 『몽골학』 (Mongolian Studies), vol. 33, 210-231.
______. 2014. 「몽골 오르팅 도(уртын дуу)의 연구」 [*A Study of the Mongolian long song], 『몽골학』 (Mongolian Studies), vol. 39, 300-322.
______. 2016. 「몽골 불교음악과 오르팅 도의 상관성」 [*Interrelationship of Mongolian Buddhist Music and Urtiin Duu], 『몽골학』 (Mongolian Studies), vol. 47, 47-76.
P, Davaapil․T.Ganzorig (페.다와필․데.강조릭). 2014. “Эгшиг тэмдэглэгээтэй холбоотой бүхий нэр томъёо, зурлагын тухай ойлголт” [*For terms and strokes related to notation], in Melody is a song of meditation, Ulaanbaatar: Cultural Research Institute, 11-22.
P, Khorloo (페. 호를로). 1981. Монгол дууны яруу найраг　[*Poetry of Mongolian songs], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.
RENE DE, Nebesky-Wojkowitz. 2007. Tibetan religious dance: tibetan text and annotated translation, Varanasi: Pilgrims publishing.
S, Soronzonbold (에스. 소론존볼드). 2014. “Шивээ хиагт дууны аялгууг ян ег-тэй нь харьцуулсан нь” [*Comparison of shivee huagt song melody with yang yig], Эгшиг тэмдэглэгээний бүртгэл цуврал　(Vowel registration), vol. 3, 66-70.
______. 2014. “Б.Смирновын Гандангийн ян егийн системд хийсэн шинжлэл”　[*An Analysis of Smirnov's System of Yang yig], in Melody is a song of meditation, Ulaanbaatar: Dream triangle press, 60-68.
S, Yundenbat (에스. 윤뎅바트). 2011. “Чин Сүзэгт номун хан Норовшэйравын гүр дууны уламжлал, эш дамжлага”［*Traditions and traditions of gur duu by Chin Sujegt Nomon han Norovsherav] , in The heritage culture of Chin Sujegt Nomon Han, Ulaanbaatar: Spring press, 56-62.
T, Bulgan (테. 볼강). 2013. “Ян ег-ийн тэмдэглэгээг бусад тэмдэглэгээтэй харьцуулах нь”［*Comparing thr notation of the yang yig with other notations], in The yang yig is the notation method of Mongolian traditional music, Ulaanbaatar: Dream triangle press, 54.
TS, Damdinsuren (체.담딩수렝). 1959. Монголын уран зохиолын дээж бичиг зуун билэг оршвой [*100 Wisdoms of Mongolian Literature],　Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Linguistics.
U, Zagdsuren (오.작드수렝). 1975. Монгол дууны судлалын товч тойм [*A brief summery of Mongolian song research], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Linguistics.
W, Kaufmann. 1975, Tibetan Buddhist chant notation with transposition of the performance of the chant, Indiana: Indiana University press.
WIll, Woodville Rockhill. 1895, Notes on the ethnology of Tibet, Washington: Government printing office.

Information

Publisher :Korean Association of Buddhist Studies
Publisher(Ko) :불교학연구회
Journal Title :Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies
Journal Title(Ko) :불교학연구
Volume : 72
No :0
Pages :89∼116
DOI :https://doi.org/10.21482/jbs.72..20229.89

[1] 『Гүр дууны ян ег 62.5-5』 (Gur duuni yang yig　62.5-5).

[2] 『Гүр дуу 561-1-11』 (Gur duu　561-1-11).

[3] B, Smirnov 1971. Монгольская народная музыка [*Mongolian traditional music], Moscow: Soviet composer.

[4] CHINBAT, Baasankhuu (칭바트 바상후). 2016. 「몽골 야탁과 한국 가야금의 음악학적 비교연구」 [*A Comparative Musicological Study of Mongolian Yatga and Korean Gayageum], 영남대학교 박사학위논문 (PhD Thesis University of Yeungnam).

[5] CH, Baasankhuu (체. 바상후). 2017. Монголын бурханы шашны дуу, хөгжим ГҮР ДУУ [*Mongolian Buddhist song, music Gur duu], Ulaanbaatar: Udam soyol.

[6] D, Sumiya (데. 소미야). 2002. Дара эхийн магтаалын нээх утга [*White Tara Verse Meaning], Ulaanbaatar: Tsomorlig press.

[7] D, Tserensodnom (데. 체렌소드놈). 1997. Монголын бурханы шашны уран зохиол [*Mongolian Buddhist Literature], Ulaanbaatar: Linguistics institute.

[8] D, Yondon (데.연동). 1980. Төвд монголын уран зохиолын харилцааны асуудалд [*Relations and problems between Tibetan and Mongolian literature], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.

[9] G, Badrah (게.바드라흐). 1960. Монголын хөгжмийн түүхээс [*Mongolian music history], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.

[10] G, Rinchensambuu (게. 렌첸삼보). 1959. Монгол дууны яруу найргын төрөл зүйл [*Types of Mongolian Song Poetry], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.

[11] G, Tuvshintur․B. Soronzonbold (게. 툽신투르․ 베. 소론존볼드). 2014. “Зурлагын өндөр намыг тэжээхүй ухаантай холбон тайлбарлах нь” [*Explaining low and high strokes n connection with medicine], in Melody is a song of meditation, Ulaanbaatar: Cultural Research Institute, 48-52.

[12] J, Tugsjargal (쩨. 톡스짜르갈). 2014. “Ая дангийн тэмдэглэгээн дэх хэмнэл, эгшиглэгээнд холбогдох зарим асуудал” [*Some problems with notes in the rhythm of melodic notation], in Melody is a song of meditation, Ulaanbaatar: Cultural Research Institute, 27-45.

[13] J, Enebish (쩨.엔비쉬). 1978. “Баянхонгор аймагт хийсэн эрдэм шинжилгээ судалгааны тайлан” [“A Report from a research study in Bayankhongor aimag”], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.

[14] KH, Perlee (헤. 페를레). 1976. Хуучин дуу аялгуу [*Old songs and melodies], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.

[15] L, Hurelbaatar (엘. 후렐바타르). 1989. Сонгодог уламжлал монгол яруу найраг [*Classical Traditions fo Mongolian Poety], Ulaanbaatar: State publishing house.

[16] L, Hurelbaatar (엘. 후렐바타르). 2002. Судар шастирийн билэг [*The wisdom of the scriptures], Ulaanbaatar. Interpress press.

[17] L, Erdenechimeg (엘. 에르덴치멕). 1991. “Шашны хөгжмийн тэмдэглэгээ” [*“Religious music notation”], Coordinates of opinion, No. 6. 8-21.

[18] ______. 1995. Монгол гүр дууны бичиг [*Note of the Gur duu], Ulaanbaatar: Cultural Research Institute.

[19] ______. 2001. Монгол гүр дууны гүн эгшиглэнгийн увдис［*Gur duu's Deep Melogy Magic], Ulaanbaatar: Interpress press.

[20] ______. 2015. Монгол гүр дуу III [*Mongolian Gur duu III], Ulaanbaatar: Ungut khevlel press.

[21] Munkhtsesteg․Munkhtuya․Nasanjargal (뭉흐토야․뭉흐체첵․나상짜르갈). 2012. Ордос ардын дууны цуглуулга; Хангин гүр дуу [*Collections of Ordos folk songs; Hangin Gur duu], Huhhot: University of Inner Mongolia.

[22] N, Narangerel (엔.나랑게렐). 2011. Чин сүзэгт номун ханы өв соёл [*Heritage Culture of Chin Suzegt Nomun Khan], Ulaanbaatar: Soyombo press.

[23] PARK, Sohyun (박소현). 2012. 「몽골 불교음악 연구」 [*Mongoilan Buddihist Music Studies], 『몽골학』 (Mongolian Studies), vol. 33, 210-231.

[24] ______. 2014. 「몽골 오르팅 도(уртын дуу)의 연구」 [*A Study of the Mongolian long song], 『몽골학』 (Mongolian Studies), vol. 39, 300-322.

[25] ______. 2016. 「몽골 불교음악과 오르팅 도의 상관성」 [*Interrelationship of Mongolian Buddhist Music and Urtiin Duu], 『몽골학』 (Mongolian Studies), vol. 47, 47-76.

[26] P, Davaapil․T.Ganzorig (페.다와필․데.강조릭). 2014. “Эгшиг тэмдэглэгээтэй холбоотой бүхий нэр томъёо, зурлагын тухай ойлголт” [*For terms and strokes related to notation], in Melody is a song of meditation, Ulaanbaatar: Cultural Research Institute, 11-22.

[27] P, Khorloo (페. 호를로). 1981. Монгол дууны яруу найраг　[*Poetry of Mongolian songs], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Science.

[28] RENE DE, Nebesky-Wojkowitz. 2007. Tibetan religious dance: tibetan text and annotated translation, Varanasi: Pilgrims publishing.

[29] S, Soronzonbold (에스. 소론존볼드). 2014. “Шивээ хиагт дууны аялгууг ян ег-тэй нь харьцуулсан нь” [*Comparison of shivee huagt song melody with yang yig], Эгшиг тэмдэглэгээний бүртгэл цуврал　(Vowel registration), vol. 3, 66-70.

[30] ______. 2014. “Б.Смирновын Гандангийн ян егийн системд хийсэн шинжлэл”　[*An Analysis of Smirnov's System of Yang yig], in Melody is a song of meditation, Ulaanbaatar: Dream triangle press, 60-68.

[31] S, Yundenbat (에스. 윤뎅바트). 2011. “Чин Сүзэгт номун хан Норовшэйравын гүр дууны уламжлал, эш дамжлага”［*Traditions and traditions of gur duu by Chin Sujegt Nomon han Norovsherav] , in The heritage culture of Chin Sujegt Nomon Han, Ulaanbaatar: Spring press, 56-62.

[32] T, Bulgan (테. 볼강). 2013. “Ян ег-ийн тэмдэглэгээг бусад тэмдэглэгээтэй харьцуулах нь”［*Comparing thr notation of the yang yig with other notations], in The yang yig is the notation method of Mongolian traditional music, Ulaanbaatar: Dream triangle press, 54.

[33] TS, Damdinsuren (체.담딩수렝). 1959. Монголын уран зохиолын дээж бичиг зуун билэг оршвой [*100 Wisdoms of Mongolian Literature],　Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Linguistics.

[34] U, Zagdsuren (오.작드수렝). 1975. Монгол дууны судлалын товч тойм [*A brief summery of Mongolian song research], Ulaanbaatar: Institute of Linguistics.

[35] W, Kaufmann. 1975, Tibetan Buddhist chant notation with transposition of the performance of the chant, Indiana: Indiana University press.

[36] WIll, Woodville Rockhill. 1895, Notes on the ethnology of Tibet, Washington: Government printing office.

Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies ISSN:1598-0642(Print) 불교학연구

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