Korea Journal of Buddhist StudiesISSN:1598-0642(Print)불교학연구회

This paper aims at clarifying how the Buddhist order keeps the harmony when the conflicts in the order is occured.The Buddhist order is characterized by complete chapter, samagga-saṃgha. In case that the monks living in the same boundary performs the uposatha separately, it is called saṃghabheda. The meaning of saṃghabheda is splitting up the order, and it is described as one among the most serious crimes in the Buddhist texts. The Buddhist order have to make efforts toward keeping the harmony of the members in a community in order toprevent saṃghabheda. Nevertheless, the serious conflicts threatening the harmony of the order have frequently used to occur in the early Buddhist order.In the first place, the order tries to settle a dispute by adhikaraṇa-samatha when the conflict is occured. However, in case that the dispute become worse not to settle down, saṃgha is seperated into groups which have same opinion. The seperated group lives together in a boundary, and performed ceremonies together. That is nānāsaṃvāsaka. If the seperated groups could not harmonize different opinions, they had not criticized adversely each other, but regarded as a equal saṃgha.However, when a group want to recover the harmony of the order, members of the group suggest the will to the other group. If they get to agree to the harmony of the order, they have to perform samagga-kamma together. Lastly, they have to read pāṭimokkha and perform sāmaggi-uposatha as symbol of harmony. In this process, the seperated groups become to reorganize united saṃgha.