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This study critically examines the discourse on self-compassion developed in contemporary psychology through the lens of the Buddhist structure of compassion (karuṇā) practice and proposes a nondual integrative model that seeks to address the structural tensions between the two. The difference between self-compassion and Buddhist compassion does not lie merely in variations of scope or target, but rather in more fundamental divergences concerning the understanding of the self and the structure of contemplative practice. Accordingly, this study conceptualizes compassion as a relational and contemplative phenomenon that emerges prior to the distinction between self and other, and it explores how compassion practice enables a transformation in habitual modes of perceiving self and others as separate and independent entities. In contemporary psychology, self-compassion is generally grounded in an individualistic and non-relational conception of the self and is primarily understood as a mechanism of emotional regulation and psychological recovery. In contrast, within the Buddhist tradition, compassion is understood as a practice integrated with wisdom, through which self-centered modes of perception are transcended and the interdependent nature of relational existence is disclosed. The primary analytical frameworks of this study for exploring this contrast are Bhikkhu Anālayo’s articulation of the expansive structure of immeasurable compassion, John Dunne’s analysis of insight into emptiness, Jordan Quaglia’s integrative model of compassion, and John Makransky’s Sustainable Compassion Training (SCT). Ultimately, this study reframes compassion as a relational and nondual contemplative practice that mediates between Buddhist contemplative traditions and contemporary compassion science, extending compassion beyond the level of a psychological skill toward a pathway of ontological transformation and highlighting its theoretical and practical significance.
본 연구는 현대 심리학에서 발전한 자기 자비(Self-Compassion) 담론을 불교 전통의 자비(Karuṇā) 수행 구조에 비추어 비판적으로 고찰하고, 양자의 구조적 긴장을 해소할 수 있는 비이원적 통합 모델을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 자기 자비와 불교적 자비의 차이는 단순히 적용 범위나 대상의 구분에 있지 않고, 자아 이해와 수행 구조의 근본적 차이에 놓여 있다. 이에 본 연구는 자비를 ‘자기’와 ‘타자’의 구분 이전에 관계 속에서 수행을 통해 드러나는 경험으로 파악하고, 자비 수행을 통해 자기와 타자를 분리된 실체로 인식해 온 인식 구조가 어떻게 전환되는지를 탐구한다. 현대 심리학의 자기 자비 개념은 개인적이고 비관계적인 자아관을 전제로 하여 자비를 주로 내면의 정서 조절과 심리적 회복의 메커니즘으로 이해하는 경향이 있다. 반면 불교 전통의 자비는 지혜와 결합된 수행으로서, 자아 중심적 인식의 한계를 넘어 상호 연기적 관계성을 드러내는 실천으로 이해된다. 이러한 차이를 분석하기 위해 본 연구는 아날라요(Anālayo)의 무한 자비 확산 구조, 존 던(John Dunne)의 공성 통찰, 조던 콸리아(Jordan Quaglia)의 통합 자비 모델, 그리고 존 마크란스키(John Makransky)의 지속 가능한 자비 수행(Sustainable Compassion Training, SCT)을 주요 분석 틀로 검토한다. 궁극적으로 본 연구는 자비를 관계적이고 비이원적인 수행으로 재구성함으로써 불교 수행 전통과 현대 자비 과학 사이의 구조적 간극을 매개하는 통합적 지평을 제시하고, 자비를 심리적 기술의 수준을 넘어 존재론적 전환의 길로 확장하는 이론적·실천적 의의를 제시한다.
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◆ 약호 및 일차 문헌 Abbreviations and Primary Sources
◆ 이차 문헌 Secondary Literature
- Publisher :Korean Association of Buddhist Studies
- Publisher(Ko) :불교학연구회
- Journal Title :Korean Journal of Buddhist Studies
- Journal Title(Ko) :불교학연구
- Volume : 85
- Pages :435∼460
- DOI :https://doi.org/10.21482/jbs.85..202512.435
Korean Journal of Buddhist Studies
