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In this paper, I argue that latent tendencies (anusaya ) in early Buddhism are not subconscious/unconscious entities, but that later schools came to view them as such because this view helps them to answer the question of how noble persons eradicate mental defilements. I also show that Theravadin school, on the other hand, does not view such mental defilements as subconscious, but it fails to convincingly answer the aforesaid question. Finally, I argue that there does exist an way to answer that question without resorting to anything subconscious/unconscious. When we interpret the sentence “The noble person X has eradicated the defilement A” as a shorthand for the statement “X’s enlightenment in the past is guaranteed to produce the anti-A factor in him whenever he is tempted to harbor A,” we do not need to assume anything of subconscious/unconscious nature. This theory, if correct, would complete the seemingly incomplete early Buddhist model of mind, and would render the Yogācārin concept of ālayavijñāṇa into a solution looking for a problem. I also deal with other relevant issues: (1) Is sīlabbataparāmāsa a type of anusaya ? (2) Three levels of moral evil, and (3) Why there are only seven anusaya s.
이 논문에서 나는 초기불교의 수면(睡眠, anusaya s)이 잠재 의식적/무의식적 실체가 아님을 주장한다. 왜냐하면 수면을 잠재 의식/무의식적 실체와 같이 간주하게 된 것은 후대 학파들[의 작업]에서 나타난 것이고, 이러한 견해는 성자(聖者)들이 정신적인 번뇌들을 어떻게 제거하는지에 관한 질문에 답변하는 것에 있어서 그들에게 도움이 되었기 때문[에 형성된 것]이다. 또한 나는 다른 한편으로 상좌부는 그러한 정신적 번뇌들을 잠재 의식으로 간주하지 않지만, 앞서 말한 질문에 대해 설득력 있게 답변하지 못했음을 드러낼 것이다. 마지막으로 나는 잠재 의식적/무의식적이라는 어떤 구분에 의존하지 않고도, 그 질문에 답하는 방식이 [다음과 같이] 존재함을 주장한다. 우리가 “X라는 성자가 A라는 번뇌를 제거했다”라는 진술을 “X의 과거의 깨달음이 그가 번뇌 A를 품고 싶은 유혹을 받을 때마다 그에게서 반-A라는 요인을 만들도록 보장되어 있다.”라는 진술에 대한 축약으로 해석한다면, 우리는 잠재 의식적/무의식적 특성의 어떤 것을 가정할 필요가 없게 된다. 이것이 맞다면 이 이론은 표면적으로 불완전해 보이는 초기불교의 마음 모델을 완성하고, 유가행파의 아뢰야식(阿賴耶識, ālayavijñāṇa ) 개념을 [표면에 드러나는] 문제를 찾는 해법으로 변환할 것이다. 또한 나는 ‘(1) 계금취(戒禁取, sīlabbataparāmāsa )는 수면의 일종인가? (2) 도덕적 해악의 3가지 수준, (3) 왜 수면은 오직 7개인가?’와 같은 다른 관련 주제들도 다루었다.
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◆ 약호 및 일차 문헌 Abbreviations and Primary Sources
(The Pali text titles are abbreviated per the Critical Pali Dictionary system.)
◆ 이차 문헌 Secondary Literature
- Publisher :Korean Association of Buddhist Studies
- Publisher(Ko) :불교학연구회
- Journal Title :Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies
- Journal Title(Ko) :불교학연구
- Volume : 81
- No :0
- Pages :57~96
- DOI :https://doi.org/10.21482/jbs.81..202412.57