초기 유가사 수행의 현대적 해석을 통한 트라우마 치유 가능성 모색
－『수행도지경』을 중심으로－

doi:10.21482/jbs.84..202509.299

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투고논문

초기 유가사 수행의 현대적 해석을 통한 트라우마 치유 가능성 모색 －『수행도지경』을 중심으로－ Investigating the Therapeutic Potential of Early Yogācāra Practice for Trauma Healing: A Focus on the Path to Liberation Sūtra: 조인숙
CHO, In-Sug; 광주여자대학교 마음교육학과 교수

Chair, Dept. of Mindful Education, Kwangju Women’s University

30 September 2025. pp. 299∼328

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Abstract

This study explores the therapeutic relevance of the Path to Liberation Sūtra (Xiuxing Daodi Jing, 修行道地經), a foundational text of early Yogācāra, in the context of modern trauma recovery. With increasing rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression in contemporary Korean society, there is a growing demand for integrative healing models that bridge ancient contemplative traditions with modern psychology.
The sūtra presents a structured meditation path—including deconstruction of the five aggregates, mindfulness of breathing (ānāpānasmṛti), compassion meditation, and contemplation of emptiness—that closely parallels the stages of trauma healing: awareness, stabilization, and integration. These practices foster emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, and somatic awareness, while also facilitating the transformation of deeply held beliefs and identity structures.
Key Yogācāra concepts such as ālayavijñāna (storehouse consciousness) and parāvṛtti (transformation of the basis) resonate with contemporary theories of memory reconsolidation, suggesting a psychological mechanism through which trauma-related imprints may be restructured.
This study argues that the Path to Liberation Sūtra provides not only a philosophical framework but also practical methods directly relevant to trauma-informed contemplative therapy. It offers insight into how Buddhist meditative systems can inform integrative approaches to psychological healing, rooted in both inner transformation and embodied awareness.

Keywords

the Path to Liberation Sūtra

Yogācāra

trauma

mindfulness of breathing

compassion meditation

contemplation of emptiness

memory reconsolidation

본 연구는 유가행파 수행 체계 형성에 지대한 영향을 준 『수행도지경』(이하 『경』을 중심으로, 그 수행법이 현대 심리치료, 특히 트라우마 치유에 어떻게 적용될 수 있는지를 고찰하였다. 최근 한국 사회는 반복되는 재난과 사고로 인해 외상 후 스트레스 장애(PTSD), 불안, 우울 등 심리적 고통이 심화되고 있으며, 이에 따라 통합적이고 심층적인 치유 접근이 요구된다. 『경』에 제시된 오온 해체, 수식관, 자비관, 공관 등의 수행은 심리적 자동반응의 자각과 해체, 정서 회복, 자기 인식 구조의 재편을 통해 트라우마 치유의 각 단계와 밀접하게 대응된다. 유식학의 아뢰야식과 전의(轉依) 개념은 기억 재구조화 이론과 유사한 구조를 가지며, 고착된 반응 양식을 근원적으로 전환하는 실천적 틀을 제공한다. 특히 공관 수행은 존재에 대한 집착과 왜곡된 자기상을 해체하고, 감정·신념·기억의 통합적 전환을 가능케 한다. 이와 같이 『경』의 수행 체계는 트라우마 회복을 위한 통합적 심신 치유 모델로 기능할 수 있으며, 전통 명상법의 현대 임상 활용 가능성을 뒷받침하는 이론적·실천적 근거를 제공한다.

키워드

수행도지경

유식

트라우마

수식관

자비관. 공관

기억 재구조화

References

◆ 약호 및 일차 문헌 Abbreviations and Primary Sources

『修行道地經』(Xiuxing daodi jing), CBETA, T15, no.606.

◆ 이차 문헌 Secondary Literature

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BLOOM, Sandra L. 2017. Some Guidelines for Surfing the Edge of Chaos While Riding Dangerously Close to the Abyss, Psycho Politics.10.1002/ppi.1409
CASTALDI, E., Lunghi, C., & MORRONE, M. C. 2020. “Neuroplasticity in adult human visual cortex,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 112, 542-552.10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.028
CONTI, Paul, JEONG, Jiho 정지호 tr. 2022. 『트라우마는 어떻게 삶을 파고드는가』 (How Trauma Shapes Life), Seoul: Pureunsup 푸른숲.
COURTOIS, Christine A., & FORD, Julian D. 2009. Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide, New York: Guilford Press.
ECKER, Bruce, TICIC, Robin, & HULLEY, Laurel. 2012. Unlocking the Emotional Brain: Eliminating Symptoms at Their Roots Using Memory Reconsolidation, London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203804377
FIGLEY, Charles R., ed. 1995. Compassion Fatigue: Coping with Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder in Those Who Treat the Traumatized, New York: Brunner/Mazel.
GOLDIN, P. R., ZIV, M., JAZAIERI, H., HAHN, K., HEIMBERG, R., & GROSS, J. J. 2016. “MBSR vs aerobic exercise in social anxiety: fMRI of emotion regulation of negative self-beliefs,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(12), 65-72.10.1093/scan/nss05422586252PMC3541489
HERMAN, Judith L., 1992. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence—from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror, New York: Basic Books.
HOPFIELD, John J. 1982. “Neural Networks and Physical Systems with Emergent Collective Computational Abilities,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 79(8), 2554-2558. 10.1073/pnas.79.8.25546953413PMC346238
IM, Jaeho 임재호. 2014. 『트라우마 이해와 치료방법론(PTSD)』 (Understanding and Treatment Methodology of PTSD), Seoul: Kyoyookkwahaksa 교육과학사.
JEONG, Yoonhee 정윤희. 2019. 「마음챙김 기반 스트레스 완화 프로그램(MBSR)이 외상 경험 성인 여성의 심리적 외상 증상 감소와 삶의 질 향상에 미치는 효과」 (“Effects of MBSR on Psychological Trauma and Quality of Life in Female Survivors”), 『한국심리학회지: 임상』 (Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology), vol. 38, no. 3.
JERATH, R., EDRY, J. W., BARNES, V. A., & JERATH, V. 2006. “Physiology of Long Pranayamic Breathing,” Medical Hypotheses, 67(3), 566-571.10.1016/j.mehy.2006.02.042
JON G. Allen, KWON, Jeonghye, et al. 권정혜 외 5인 tr., 2010, 『트라우마의 치유』 (Healing Trauma), Seoul: Hakjisa 학지사.
KEARNEY, D. J., McDERMOTT, K., MALTE, C., MARTINEZ, M., & SIMPSON, T. L. 2013. “Effects of participation in a mindfulness program for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled pilot study,” Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 14-27.10.1002/jclp.21911
KIM, Jihye 김지혜, KIM, Kyunghee 김경희. 2021. 「마음챙김기반 중재가 성인 외상 후 스트레스 장애(PTSD) 증상에 미치는 영향: 메타분석」 (“Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Adult PTSD: A Meta-Analysis”), 『한국심리학회지: 건강』 (Korean Journal of Health Psychology), vol. 26, no. 1, 234-258
KINCHIN, David. 2007. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Invisible Injury, 3rd ed. Hampshire: Success Unlimited.
KYUNG, Eunjeong 경은정. 2021. 「심리치유 관점에서 본 유식30송과 아들러 개인심리학 비교 연구」 (“A Comparative Study on Yogācāra’s Thirty Verses and Adlerian Psychology from a Perspective of Psychological Healing”), 『문화와 융합』 (Culture and Convergence), vol. 43, no. 1, 453-468.10.33645/cnc.2021.01.43.1.453
LANE, R. D., RYAN, L., NADEL, L., & GREENBERG, L. 2015. “Memory reconsolidation, emotional arousal, and the process of change in psychotherapy: New insights from brain science,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38, e1(article number)10.1017/S0140525X14000041
LAZARUS, Arnold A. 1981. Multimodal Therapy: A Technical Eclectic Approach, New York: Springer.
LEE, Hyunjoo 이현주, KIM, Gyehyun 김계현. 2020. 「마음챙김-자비 기반 프로그램(Mindful Self-Compassion)이 트라우마 증상 및 심리적 성장에 미치는 영향」 (“Effects of Mindful Self-Compassion Program on Trauma Symptoms and Psychological Growth”), 『상담학연구』 (Journal of Counseling Studies), vol. 21, no. 6, 135-138.
LEE, Kyunmyung 이견명. 2022. 「트라우마에 대한 유식학적 이해」 (“A Yogācāra Interpretation of Trauma”), 『인도철학』 (Indian Philosophy), vol. 64, 81-107.
LEHRER, Paul M., & GEVIRTZ, Richard. 2014. “Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: How and Why Does It Work?,” Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 756.10.3389/fpsyg.2014.0075625101026PMC4104929
MAIBERGER, Barb, KIM, Jungi 김준기, BAE, Jaehyun 배재현, SA, Suyeon 사수연 tr. 2018. 『트라우마: 기억으로부터의 자유』 (Trauma: Freedom from the Memory), Seoul: Suoseojae 수오서재.
MATSUDA, Shinya 松田慎也. 1989. “修行道地経の説く安般念について(On the Ānāpānasmṛti in the Xiuxing daodi jing),” Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (印度學佛教學研究), 27(2), 530-535.
NADER, Karim, & HARDT, Oliver. 2009. “A single standard for memory: The case for reconsolidation,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(3), 224-234.10.1038/nrn2590
PASCUAL-LEONE, Alvaro, AMEDI, Amir, FREGNI, Felipe, & MERABET, Lotfi B. 2005. “The plastic human brain cortex,” Annual Review of Neuroscience, 28, 377-401.10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144216
PITMAN, Roger K., & ORR, Scott P. 1990. “The black hole of trauma,” Biological Psychiatry, 27(5), 469-471.10.1016/0006-3223(90)90437-7
PORGES, Stephen W. 2011. The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-Regulation, New York: Norton.
RAUCH, Scott L., SHIN, Lisa M., & PHELPS, Elizabeth A. 2006. “Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction: Human neuroimaging research—Past, present, and future,” Biological Psychiatry, 60(4), 376-382.10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.004
SHAPIRO, Francine. 2017. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures (3rd ed.), New York: Guilford Press.
SHIN, Aekyung 신애경. 2015. 「청소년 트라우마 해결을 위한 유식의 접근」 (“A Yogācāra Approach to Healing Adolescent Trauma”), 『불교문예연구』 (Buddhist Literature and Arts Research) vol. 5, 237-266.
TEICHER, M. H., & SAMSON, J. A. 2013. “Childhood Maltreatment and Psychopathology,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(10), 1114-1133.10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.1207095723982148PMC3928064
TRELEAVEN, David A. 2018. Trauma-Sensitive Mindfulness: Practices for Safe and Transformative Healing, New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
TUROW, Rachel Goldsmith, SONG, Seung hoon 송승훈, SHIN, Jihyun 신지현 tr. 2019. 『트라우마 치유를 위한 마음챙김 기술』 (Mindfulness Skills for Trauma Recovery), Seoul: Sigma Press 시그마프레스.
van der KOLK, Bessel. 2015. The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma, New York: Viking.
YANG, Youngae 양영애. 2015. 『영상관법과 현실치료 통합프로그램의 개발과 적용: 외상 후 스트레스장애를 중심으로』 (Development of an Integrated Program Using Visualization and Reality Therapy for PTSD), Doctoral Dissertation, Dongbang Culture Graduate University 동방문화대학원대학교.

Information

Publisher :Korean Association of Buddhist Studies
Publisher(Ko) :불교학연구회
Journal Title :Korean Journal of Buddhist Studies
Journal Title(Ko) :불교학연구
Volume : 84
Pages :299∼328
DOI :https://doi.org/10.21482/jbs.84..202509.299

[1] 『修行道地經』(Xiuxing daodi jing), CBETA, T15, no.606.

[2] AHN, Hwangi 안환기. 2024. 「트라우마 치유를 통한 마음의 변화 메커니즘 연구: 성장치유모델을 중심으로」 (“A Study on the Mechanism of Mental Transformation through Trauma Healing”), 『한국불교학』 (Korean Buddhist Studies), no. 112, 121-148.10.22255/JKABS.112.04

[3] American Psychiatric Association. 2013. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

[4] BLOOM, Sandra L. 2017. Some Guidelines for Surfing the Edge of Chaos While Riding Dangerously Close to the Abyss, Psycho Politics.10.1002/ppi.1409

[5] CASTALDI, E., Lunghi, C., & MORRONE, M. C. 2020. “Neuroplasticity in adult human visual cortex,” Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 112, 542-552.10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.028

[6] CONTI, Paul, JEONG, Jiho 정지호 tr. 2022. 『트라우마는 어떻게 삶을 파고드는가』 (How Trauma Shapes Life), Seoul: Pureunsup 푸른숲.

[7] COURTOIS, Christine A., & FORD, Julian D. 2009. Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide, New York: Guilford Press.

[8] ECKER, Bruce, TICIC, Robin, & HULLEY, Laurel. 2012. Unlocking the Emotional Brain: Eliminating Symptoms at Their Roots Using Memory Reconsolidation, London: Routledge.10.4324/9780203804377

[9] FIGLEY, Charles R., ed. 1995. Compassion Fatigue: Coping with Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorder in Those Who Treat the Traumatized, New York: Brunner/Mazel.

[10] GOLDIN, P. R., ZIV, M., JAZAIERI, H., HAHN, K., HEIMBERG, R., & GROSS, J. J. 2016. “MBSR vs aerobic exercise in social anxiety: fMRI of emotion regulation of negative self-beliefs,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(12), 65-72.10.1093/scan/nss05422586252PMC3541489

[11] HERMAN, Judith L., 1992. Trauma and Recovery: The Aftermath of Violence—from Domestic Abuse to Political Terror, New York: Basic Books.

[12] HOPFIELD, John J. 1982. “Neural Networks and Physical Systems with Emergent Collective Computational Abilities,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 79(8), 2554-2558. 10.1073/pnas.79.8.25546953413PMC346238

[13] IM, Jaeho 임재호. 2014. 『트라우마 이해와 치료방법론(PTSD)』 (Understanding and Treatment Methodology of PTSD), Seoul: Kyoyookkwahaksa 교육과학사.

[14] JEONG, Yoonhee 정윤희. 2019. 「마음챙김 기반 스트레스 완화 프로그램(MBSR)이 외상 경험 성인 여성의 심리적 외상 증상 감소와 삶의 질 향상에 미치는 효과」 (“Effects of MBSR on Psychological Trauma and Quality of Life in Female Survivors”), 『한국심리학회지: 임상』 (Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology), vol. 38, no. 3.

[15] JERATH, R., EDRY, J. W., BARNES, V. A., & JERATH, V. 2006. “Physiology of Long Pranayamic Breathing,” Medical Hypotheses, 67(3), 566-571.10.1016/j.mehy.2006.02.042

[16] JON G. Allen, KWON, Jeonghye, et al. 권정혜 외 5인 tr., 2010, 『트라우마의 치유』 (Healing Trauma), Seoul: Hakjisa 학지사.

[17] KEARNEY, D. J., McDERMOTT, K., MALTE, C., MARTINEZ, M., & SIMPSON, T. L. 2013. “Effects of participation in a mindfulness program for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled pilot study,” Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(1), 14-27.10.1002/jclp.21911

[18] KIM, Jihye 김지혜, KIM, Kyunghee 김경희. 2021. 「마음챙김기반 중재가 성인 외상 후 스트레스 장애(PTSD) 증상에 미치는 영향: 메타분석」 (“Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Adult PTSD: A Meta-Analysis”), 『한국심리학회지: 건강』 (Korean Journal of Health Psychology), vol. 26, no. 1, 234-258

[19] KINCHIN, David. 2007. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: The Invisible Injury, 3rd ed. Hampshire: Success Unlimited.

[20] KYUNG, Eunjeong 경은정. 2021. 「심리치유 관점에서 본 유식30송과 아들러 개인심리학 비교 연구」 (“A Comparative Study on Yogācāra’s Thirty Verses and Adlerian Psychology from a Perspective of Psychological Healing”), 『문화와 융합』 (Culture and Convergence), vol. 43, no. 1, 453-468.10.33645/cnc.2021.01.43.1.453

[21] LANE, R. D., RYAN, L., NADEL, L., & GREENBERG, L. 2015. “Memory reconsolidation, emotional arousal, and the process of change in psychotherapy: New insights from brain science,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 38, e1(article number)10.1017/S0140525X14000041

[22] LAZARUS, Arnold A. 1981. Multimodal Therapy: A Technical Eclectic Approach, New York: Springer.

[23] LEE, Hyunjoo 이현주, KIM, Gyehyun 김계현. 2020. 「마음챙김-자비 기반 프로그램(Mindful Self-Compassion)이 트라우마 증상 및 심리적 성장에 미치는 영향」 (“Effects of Mindful Self-Compassion Program on Trauma Symptoms and Psychological Growth”), 『상담학연구』 (Journal of Counseling Studies), vol. 21, no. 6, 135-138.

[24] LEE, Kyunmyung 이견명. 2022. 「트라우마에 대한 유식학적 이해」 (“A Yogācāra Interpretation of Trauma”), 『인도철학』 (Indian Philosophy), vol. 64, 81-107.

[25] LEHRER, Paul M., & GEVIRTZ, Richard. 2014. “Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: How and Why Does It Work?,” Frontiers in Psychology, 5, Article 756.10.3389/fpsyg.2014.0075625101026PMC4104929

[26] MAIBERGER, Barb, KIM, Jungi 김준기, BAE, Jaehyun 배재현, SA, Suyeon 사수연 tr. 2018. 『트라우마: 기억으로부터의 자유』 (Trauma: Freedom from the Memory), Seoul: Suoseojae 수오서재.

[27] MATSUDA, Shinya 松田慎也. 1989. “修行道地経の説く安般念について(On the Ānāpānasmṛti in the Xiuxing daodi jing),” Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (印度學佛教學研究), 27(2), 530-535.

[28] NADER, Karim, & HARDT, Oliver. 2009. “A single standard for memory: The case for reconsolidation,” Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(3), 224-234.10.1038/nrn2590

[29] PASCUAL-LEONE, Alvaro, AMEDI, Amir, FREGNI, Felipe, & MERABET, Lotfi B. 2005. “The plastic human brain cortex,” Annual Review of Neuroscience, 28, 377-401.10.1146/annurev.neuro.27.070203.144216

[30] PITMAN, Roger K., & ORR, Scott P. 1990. “The black hole of trauma,” Biological Psychiatry, 27(5), 469-471.10.1016/0006-3223(90)90437-7

[31] PORGES, Stephen W. 2011. The Polyvagal Theory: Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions, Attachment, Communication, and Self-Regulation, New York: Norton.

[32] RAUCH, Scott L., SHIN, Lisa M., & PHELPS, Elizabeth A. 2006. “Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction: Human neuroimaging research—Past, present, and future,” Biological Psychiatry, 60(4), 376-382.10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.06.004

[33] SHAPIRO, Francine. 2017. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Therapy: Basic Principles, Protocols, and Procedures (3rd ed.), New York: Guilford Press.

[34] SHIN, Aekyung 신애경. 2015. 「청소년 트라우마 해결을 위한 유식의 접근」 (“A Yogācāra Approach to Healing Adolescent Trauma”), 『불교문예연구』 (Buddhist Literature and Arts Research) vol. 5, 237-266.

[35] TEICHER, M. H., & SAMSON, J. A. 2013. “Childhood Maltreatment and Psychopathology,” American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(10), 1114-1133.10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.1207095723982148PMC3928064

[36] TRELEAVEN, David A. 2018. Trauma-Sensitive Mindfulness: Practices for Safe and Transformative Healing, New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

[37] TUROW, Rachel Goldsmith, SONG, Seung hoon 송승훈, SHIN, Jihyun 신지현 tr. 2019. 『트라우마 치유를 위한 마음챙김 기술』 (Mindfulness Skills for Trauma Recovery), Seoul: Sigma Press 시그마프레스.

[38] van der KOLK, Bessel. 2015. The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma, New York: Viking.

[39] YANG, Youngae 양영애. 2015. 『영상관법과 현실치료 통합프로그램의 개발과 적용: 외상 후 스트레스장애를 중심으로』 (Development of an Integrated Program Using Visualization and Reality Therapy for PTSD), Doctoral Dissertation, Dongbang Culture Graduate University 동방문화대학원대학교.

Korean Journal of Buddhist Studies ISSN:1598-0642(Print) 불교학연구

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