『법화현의』 권1 「회이(會異)」에 대한 비판적 검토 －『유마경현소』 권1 「대사실단(對四悉檀)」과의 비교를 중심으로

doi:10.21482/jbs.80..202409.1

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투고논문

『법화현의』 권1 「회이(會異)」에 대한 비판적 검토 －『유마경현소』 권1 「대사실단(對四悉檀)」과의 비교를 중심으로 A Critical Review of the “Huiyi” (「會異」) Section in Volume 1 of Fahuaxuanyi (『法華玄義』): A Comparison with the “Duisixitan” (「對四悉檀」) Section in Volume 1 of Weimojingxuanshu (『維摩經玄疏』): 이재윤
LEE, JaeYun; 동국대학교 한국불교융합학과 박사과정수료

Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies of Korean Buddhism, Graduate School of Dongguk University

30 September 2024. pp. 1∼32

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Abstract

The “Huiyi” (會異) section in Volume 1 of Fahua xuanyi (法華玄義) and the “Duisixitan”(對四悉檀) section in Volume 1 of Weimojing xuanshu (『維摩經玄疏) both explore the alignment of the Four Siddhāntas (四悉檀) with the Five Categories of Profound Meaning (五重玄義) to establish Zhiyi’s (智顗, 538-597) doctrinal system. These two sections demonstrate significant interrelations, which are believed to have been influenced by the lost text Si xitan yi (四悉檀義) from Zhiyi’s commentary on the Vimalakīrti Sūtra. Despite the existence of notable similarities between the sections, there are also significant differences in content and scope. This paper addresses these issues through a comparative and analytical study of both texts.
An in-depth comparison of the overall structure and content of Fahuaxuanyi and Weimojingxuanshu reveals three main types of variation: (1) differences between the content of the Lotus Sūtra and the Vimalakīrti Sūtra, (2) the influence of Sixitanyi, and (3) discrepancies related to the respective audiences of the texts. Specifically, the variations in “Huiyi” likely resulted from Guanding’s (灌頂, 561-632) editorial revisions based on Zhiyi’s teachings.
Additionally, while Fahua xuanyi and Weimojing xuanshu are both dated to the Sui Dynasty, the “Huiyi” section reveals terminological changes that reflect a later era. This suggests that the extant version of Fahua xuanyi was revised after the Tang Dynasty, and this revision is attributed to Guanding’s editorial work. The study also challenges previous claims that Guanding intervened in Weimojing xuanshu and proposes instead that Guanding integrated content from Si xitan yi or Weimojing xuanshu into his personal interpretations. Furthermore, this paper identifies instances where content unique to Fahua xuanyi refers to Guanding’s personal interpretations, demonstrating his deep involvement in the composition of Fahua xuanyi.

Keywords

Zhiyi(538-597)

Guanding(561-632)

Fahua xuanyi

Weimojing xuanshu

Four Siddhāntas

Five Categories of Profound Meaning

『법화현의』권1 「회이(會異)」와 『유마경현소』권1 「대사실단(對四悉檀)」은 사실단(四悉檀)과 오중현의(五重玄義)를 대응시켜 지의(智顗, 538-597)의 교학 체계를 수립하는 내용을 담고 있는 과문이다. 두 문헌은 상호 밀접한 연관성을 보여주고 있는데, 이는 지의의 『유마경』 관련 주소 중 일실된 『사실단의』의 영향으로 추정되고 있다. 그러나 양자 사이에는 일치하는 부분도 있지만, 내용의 증감과 상위 역시 적지 않게 발견된다. 또한 『법화현의』에 보이는 관정(灌頂, 561-632)의 사석(私釋)과 양자의 관련성도 해명이 필요한 문제이다. 이에 본고는 양자의 비교·분석을 통해 관련 문제에 대해 해명을 시도한 논문이다.
먼저, 양자의 전체적인 과문과 내용을 대조하여 상호 증감의 형태를, 첫째 『법화경』과 『유마경』의 내용적 상위, 둘째 『사실단의』의 영향, 셋째 각 문헌의 독자층이 고려된 경우의 세 유형으로 구분하였다. 다음으로는 양자에 공통되는 내용에 보이는 시대적 용어의 상위에 주목하였다. 『법화현의』에는 당시 시대를 반영한 용어가 개변되어 있다. 이는 『법화현의』가 수대(隋代) 이후에 성립했음을 보여주는 사례가 된다. 이러한 양자의 증감과 상위는 당시 여러 정황과 관정의 찬술과 비교해 보면, 관정의 개입으로 유래한 것으로 추정할 수 있다.
마지막으로, 『법화현의』에 부가된 관정의 사석과 『현소』 및 『법화현의』와의 관련성에 대해 검토하였다. 『현소』와의 관련성에 대해서는, 관정이 『현소』에도 개입한 증거로 판정했던 선행연구에 반론을 제기하고, 오히려 관정이 『사실단의』 또는 『현소』의 내용을 사석에 반영했을 가능성을 추론하였다. 『법화현의』와의 관련성에 대해서는, 『법화현의』에만 개설된 과문의 내용이 관정의 사석에 양도되고 있음을 밝히고, 이는 관정이 『법화현의』의 성립에 깊게 관여했음을 보여주는 사례임을 지적하였다.

키워드

천태 지의(智顗

538-597)

관정(灌頂

561-632)

『법화현의』

『유마경현소』

사실단(四悉檀)

오중현의(五重玄義)

References

◆ 약호 및 일차 문헌 Abbreviations and Primary Sources

T Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新修大藏經, ed. by TAKAKUSU Junjirō 高楠順次郞 and WATANABE Kaikyoku 渡邊海旭, 100 vols. Tōkyō: Daizōkyōkai, 1924-1935.
X Manji shinsan Dai Nihon zokuzōkyō 卍新纂大日本續藏經, eds. by KAWAMURA Koshō 河村孝照, et al., 90 vols. Tōkyō: Kokushokankōkai, 1967-1989.

『國淸百錄』 T1934.
『金光明經』 T663.
『大唐內典錄』 T2149.
『大般涅槃經疏』 T1767.
『大般涅槃經玄義』 T1765.
『摩訶止觀』 T1911.
『妙法蓮華經文句』 T1718.
『妙法蓮華經玄義』 T1716.
『妙法蓮華經』 T262.
『法華文句記』 T1719.
『法華玄義釋籤』 T1717.
『三觀義』 X909.
『新編諸宗敎藏總錄』 T2184.
『歷代三寶紀』 T2034.
『涅槃玄義發源機要』 T1766.
『維摩經玄疏』 T1777.
『天竺別集』 X951.
『論語』
『春秋左傳』

◆ 이차 문헌 Secondary Literature

FUJII, Kyoko 藤井敎公. 2009. 「天台智顗における四悉檀の意義」 (“Zhiyi’s Understanding of the Four Siddhāntas”), 『印度學佛敎學硏究』(Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies), vol. 47, no. 2, 27-35.
FUJII, Kyoko 藤井敎公. 2013. 「維摩經文疏における四悉檀の依用について」 (“On An Application of the Four Siddhāntas in the Weimojing wenshu”), 『佛法僧論集 : 福原隆善先生古稀記念論集』 (A Collection of Essays on the Precious: Buddha, Dharma and Saṃgha), vol. 1, 487-500.
FUNAYAMA, Toru 船山徹. 2022. 『佛敎漢語』 (*Buddhist Chinese Vocabulary), Kyoto: Rinsen Shoten 臨川書店.
HIBI, Nobumasa 日比宣正. 1966. 『唐代天台學序說』 (*An Introduction to the Study of the Tiantai School in the Tang Dynasty), Tōkyō: Sankibo Busshorin 山喜房佛書林.
HIRAI, Shunei 平井俊榮. 1985. 『法華文句の成立に關する硏究』 (*A Study on the Formation of the Fahuawenju), Tōkyō: Shunjusha 春秋社.
IKEDA, Rosan 池田魯參. 1982. 『國淸百錄の硏究』 (*A Study of the Guoqingbailu), Tōkyō: Daizo shuppan 大藏出版.
KANNO, Hiroshi 菅野博史. 2012. 『南北朝·隋代の中國佛敎思想硏究』 (*A Study of Chinese Buddhist Thought During the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Period), Tōkyō: Daizo Shuppan 大藏出版.
MIYAJIMA, Junko 宮嶋純子. 2014. 「胡語から梵語へ」 (*“From Huyu to Panyu”), 『佛敎がつなぐアジア』(*Buddhism Connecting Asia), Tōkyō: Bensei Shuppan 勉誠出版, 13-35.
MORIYASU, Takako 森安孝夫. 2007. 「唐代における胡と佛敎的世界地理」 (“The Hu (Sogdian) during the Tang Dynasty and Buddhist World Geography”), 『東洋史硏究』 (The Journal of Oriental Researches), vol. 66, no. 3, 1-33.
NAKAMURA, Hajime 나카무라 하지메(中村元), KIM Jigyeon 김지견, tr. 1990. 『中國人의 사유방법』 (『東洋人の思惟方法 2: シナ人の思惟方法』 [*Methods of Oriental Thought, Vol. 2: Methods of Chinese Thought]), Seoul: Kachi 까치.
NOMOTO, Kakujo 野本覺成. 1978. 「『三觀義』所說の法門」 (“On the Doctrine of the Sangangi”), 『天台學報』 (Journal of Tendai Buddhist Studies), vol. 21, 109-112.
ONOSHIMA, Sachio 小野嶋祥雄. 2009. 「「天台維摩疏」智顗親撰說への疑義 - 吉蔵撰述書との比較を通して」 (“Some Problems of Tiantai’s Weimoshu: Especially Comparison with the Jizang’s Works”), 『岐阜聖德學園大學佛敎文化硏究所紀要』 (Bulletin of Institute of Buddhist Cultural Studies Gifu Shotokugakuen University), vol. 9, 33-60.
SATO, Tetsuei 佐藤哲英. 1961. 『天台大師の硏究』 (*A Study of Master Tiantai), Kyoto: Hyakkaen 百華苑.
SEKIGUCHI, Shindai 關口眞大, ed. 1978. 『天台敎學の硏究』 (*A Study of Tiantai Doctrine), Tōkyō: Daito Shuppansha 大東出版社.
SEO, Sung-won 서성원. 2002. 「『大智度論』의 四悉檀 (siddhānta) (I)」 (*“The Four Siddhāntas in the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-śāstra (I)”), 『인도철학』 (Journal of Indian Philosophy), vol. 11, no. 2, 1-24.
SWANSON, Paul 폴 스완슨, KIM Junghee 김정희, tr. 2015. 『천태불교의 철학적 토대: 이제론의 중국적 전개』 (Foundations of Tiantai Philosophy: The Flowering of the Two Truths Theory in Chinese Buddhism), Seoul: CIR 씨아이알.
UE, Yasuhiro 宇衛康弘. 1984. 「『三觀義』と『維摩經玄疏』卷二「三觀解釋」の比較硏究」 (*“A Comparative Study of the Sanguan yi and ‘Interpretations of the Three Contemplations’ in Volume 2 of the Weimojing xuanshu”), 『駒澤大學大學院佛敎學硏究會年報』 (Annual of Studies of Buddhism, Graduate School of Komazawa University), vol. 17, 61-70.
WAKASUGI, Kenryu 若杉見龍. 1981. 「法華玄義成立についての一考察」 (*“A Study on the Formation of Fahua xuanyi”), 『棲神』 (The Seishin), vol. 53, 61-70.
YAMAGUCHI, Hiroe 山口弘江. 2017. 『天台維摩經疏の硏究』(*A Study on the Commentaries of the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa by Tiantai), Tōkyō: Kokushokankokai 國書刊行會.

Information

Publisher :Korean Association of Buddhist Studies
Publisher(Ko) :불교학연구회
Journal Title :Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies
Journal Title(Ko) :불교학연구
Volume : 80
No :0
Pages :1∼32
DOI :https://doi.org/10.21482/jbs.80..202409.1

[1] T Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新修大藏經, ed. by TAKAKUSU Junjirō 高楠順次郞 and WATANABE Kaikyoku 渡邊海旭, 100 vols. Tōkyō: Daizōkyōkai, 1924-1935.

[2] X Manji shinsan Dai Nihon zokuzōkyō 卍新纂大日本續藏經, eds. by KAWAMURA Koshō 河村孝照, et al., 90 vols. Tōkyō: Kokushokankōkai, 1967-1989.

[3] 『國淸百錄』 T1934.

[4] 『金光明經』 T663.

[5] 『大唐內典錄』 T2149.

[6] 『大般涅槃經疏』 T1767.

[7] 『大般涅槃經玄義』 T1765.

[8] 『摩訶止觀』 T1911.

[9] 『妙法蓮華經文句』 T1718.

[10] 『妙法蓮華經玄義』 T1716.

[11] 『妙法蓮華經』 T262.

[12] 『法華文句記』 T1719.

[13] 『法華玄義釋籤』 T1717.

[14] 『三觀義』 X909.

[15] 『新編諸宗敎藏總錄』 T2184.

[16] 『歷代三寶紀』 T2034.

[17] 『涅槃玄義發源機要』 T1766.

[18] 『維摩經玄疏』 T1777.

[19] 『天竺別集』 X951.

[20] 『論語』

[21] 『春秋左傳』

[22] FUJII, Kyoko 藤井敎公. 2009. 「天台智顗における四悉檀の意義」 (“Zhiyi’s Understanding of the Four Siddhāntas”), 『印度學佛敎學硏究』(Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies), vol. 47, no. 2, 27-35.

[23] FUJII, Kyoko 藤井敎公. 2013. 「維摩經文疏における四悉檀の依用について」 (“On An Application of the Four Siddhāntas in the Weimojing wenshu”), 『佛法僧論集 : 福原隆善先生古稀記念論集』 (A Collection of Essays on the Precious: Buddha, Dharma and Saṃgha), vol. 1, 487-500.

[24] FUNAYAMA, Toru 船山徹. 2022. 『佛敎漢語』 (*Buddhist Chinese Vocabulary), Kyoto: Rinsen Shoten 臨川書店.

[25] HIBI, Nobumasa 日比宣正. 1966. 『唐代天台學序說』 (*An Introduction to the Study of the Tiantai School in the Tang Dynasty), Tōkyō: Sankibo Busshorin 山喜房佛書林.

[26] HIRAI, Shunei 平井俊榮. 1985. 『法華文句の成立に關する硏究』 (*A Study on the Formation of the Fahuawenju), Tōkyō: Shunjusha 春秋社.

[27] IKEDA, Rosan 池田魯參. 1982. 『國淸百錄の硏究』 (*A Study of the Guoqingbailu), Tōkyō: Daizo shuppan 大藏出版.

[28] KANNO, Hiroshi 菅野博史. 2012. 『南北朝·隋代の中國佛敎思想硏究』 (*A Study of Chinese Buddhist Thought During the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui Period), Tōkyō: Daizo Shuppan 大藏出版.

[29] MIYAJIMA, Junko 宮嶋純子. 2014. 「胡語から梵語へ」 (*“From Huyu to Panyu”), 『佛敎がつなぐアジア』(*Buddhism Connecting Asia), Tōkyō: Bensei Shuppan 勉誠出版, 13-35.

[30] MORIYASU, Takako 森安孝夫. 2007. 「唐代における胡と佛敎的世界地理」 (“The Hu (Sogdian) during the Tang Dynasty and Buddhist World Geography”), 『東洋史硏究』 (The Journal of Oriental Researches), vol. 66, no. 3, 1-33.

[31] NAKAMURA, Hajime 나카무라 하지메(中村元), KIM Jigyeon 김지견, tr. 1990. 『中國人의 사유방법』 (『東洋人の思惟方法 2: シナ人の思惟方法』 [*Methods of Oriental Thought, Vol. 2: Methods of Chinese Thought]), Seoul: Kachi 까치.

[32] NOMOTO, Kakujo 野本覺成. 1978. 「『三觀義』所說の法門」 (“On the Doctrine of the Sangangi”), 『天台學報』 (Journal of Tendai Buddhist Studies), vol. 21, 109-112.

[33] ONOSHIMA, Sachio 小野嶋祥雄. 2009. 「「天台維摩疏」智顗親撰說への疑義 - 吉蔵撰述書との比較を通して」 (“Some Problems of Tiantai’s Weimoshu: Especially Comparison with the Jizang’s Works”), 『岐阜聖德學園大學佛敎文化硏究所紀要』 (Bulletin of Institute of Buddhist Cultural Studies Gifu Shotokugakuen University), vol. 9, 33-60.

[34] SATO, Tetsuei 佐藤哲英. 1961. 『天台大師の硏究』 (*A Study of Master Tiantai), Kyoto: Hyakkaen 百華苑.

[35] SEKIGUCHI, Shindai 關口眞大, ed. 1978. 『天台敎學の硏究』 (*A Study of Tiantai Doctrine), Tōkyō: Daito Shuppansha 大東出版社.

[36] SEO, Sung-won 서성원. 2002. 「『大智度論』의 四悉檀 (siddhānta) (I)」 (*“The Four Siddhāntas in the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-śāstra (I)”), 『인도철학』 (Journal of Indian Philosophy), vol. 11, no. 2, 1-24.

[37] SWANSON, Paul 폴 스완슨, KIM Junghee 김정희, tr. 2015. 『천태불교의 철학적 토대: 이제론의 중국적 전개』 (Foundations of Tiantai Philosophy: The Flowering of the Two Truths Theory in Chinese Buddhism), Seoul: CIR 씨아이알.

[38] UE, Yasuhiro 宇衛康弘. 1984. 「『三觀義』と『維摩經玄疏』卷二「三觀解釋」の比較硏究」 (*“A Comparative Study of the Sanguan yi and ‘Interpretations of the Three Contemplations’ in Volume 2 of the Weimojing xuanshu”), 『駒澤大學大學院佛敎學硏究會年報』 (Annual of Studies of Buddhism, Graduate School of Komazawa University), vol. 17, 61-70.

[39] WAKASUGI, Kenryu 若杉見龍. 1981. 「法華玄義成立についての一考察」 (*“A Study on the Formation of Fahua xuanyi”), 『棲神』 (The Seishin), vol. 53, 61-70.

[40] YAMAGUCHI, Hiroe 山口弘江. 2017. 『天台維摩經疏の硏究』(*A Study on the Commentaries of the Vimalakīrtinirdeśa by Tiantai), Tōkyō: Kokushokankokai 國書刊行會.

Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies ISSN:1598-0642(Print) 불교학연구

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