Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies ISSN:1598-0642(Print) 불교학연구

The foundation of latter period Esoteric Buddhism which was pervasive over the last period of Indian Buddhism was Tantric Buddhism, which was named Anuttarayoga Tantra by Buston who was an eminent scholar of Tibetan Buddhism in 14th century. It is a systematic logics of Madhyamaka and Cittamatra etc. that provided Esoteric Buddhism with a fine doctrinal system, so that Indian Mahayāna Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism as its successors are equipped with dual practices and doctrines which in fact enabled Tibetan Buddhism to have traditions of importing Esoteric Buddhism with careful examination of doctrinal validity.The practice system of latter period Esoteric Buddhism was established by many schools like Jñānapada’s and Nagarjuna’s sects whose research was oriented with Guhyasamāja-tantra . The Jñānapada school left many works on Buddhist Tantras that contributed to the foundation of India’s latter period Esoteric Buddhism, especially the result of the Sukṣma-yoga is important as it was devoted to the formation of practice system accomplishing Transit Body and Physical body into Sambhoga-kaya and Nirmana-kaya.It is the Nagarjuna school that succeeded Jñānapada school’s system and developed it into a well organized system of Tantric practices. It is Nagabodhi who as a member of Nagarjuna school wrote the Commentary of Organizing Tantric Process, which work epitomized the entire practice of the Guhyasamāja-tantra’s tradition reflecting new trends of Tantrism at that timeTsong kha pa, who founded the Geluk sect of Tibetan Buddhism, wrote the Commentary of Organizing Tantric Process by Nagabodhi which developed his new theory on the ‘Visualization of Developing Physical Mundane World’, ‘State of Intermediate Body after Death’, and ‘the Process of Reincarnation’, but Tsong kha pa preserved the fundamental tradition of dual practices of Generation Stage and Completion Stage.