『범망경술기권제일』(T2797)의 문헌학적 연구
－승장(勝莊)의 『범망경보살계본술기』(X686)와의 대조를 통한 문헌 동일성과 성립 연대, 저자, 문헌의 유통을 중심으로－

doi:55∼97

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투고논문

『범망경술기권제일』(T2797)의 문헌학적 연구 －승장(勝莊)의 『범망경보살계본술기』(X686)와의 대조를 통한 문헌 동일성과 성립 연대, 저자, 문헌의 유통을 중심으로－ A Philological Study of the Fanwangjing Shuji Juan Diyi (T2797): Textual Identity, Date of Composition, Authorship, and Transmission through a Comparative Analysis with Seungjang’s (勝莊) Fanwangjing Pusa Jieben Suji (X686): 박성일
PARK, Seong-Il; 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 학예연구사

Kyujanggak Institute for Korean Studies at Seoul National University

30 June 2025. pp. 10.21482/jbs.83..202

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Abstract

This study conducts a rigorous philological analysis of the textual identity, date of composition, and authorship of the Fanwangjing Shuji Juan Diyi (梵網經述記卷第一, T2797), using a systematic comparison with Seungjang (勝莊)’s Fanwangjing Pusa Jieben Suji (梵網經菩薩戒本述記, X686). The research also evaluates the transmission of T2797 within East Asia by drawing upon four extant commentaries on the Fanwangjing (梵網經), as well as Japanese exegetical works.
The comparative analysis of the kewen (科文) structure shows that, although both texts are divided into five sections, there are significant differences in the volume and content of each corresponding part. In addition, an examination of citation patterns and lexical choices demonstrates a lack of directly corresponding sentences, with each text presenting distinct bodies of textual evidence (文證). T2797 includes numerous annotations not found in X686, and certain passages suggest that T2797 may have revised or supplemented the content of X686. Taken together, these findings support the view that the two texts were composed independently, with T2797 likely representing a later redaction.
The possible attribution of T2797 to Seungjang is explored, based on its close temporal proximity to Seungjang’s known Buddhist translation activities. If the two commentaries share a common author, T2797 may be seen as a revised and expanded recension of X686. Alternatively, if the authorship is distinct, the compiler of T2797 must have been active during or after the early eighth century, contemporaneous with or following Seungjang, and demonstrably influenced by Xuanzang (玄奘)’s most recent translations and the developed Abhidharma scholastic tradition.
A survey of the four extant Fanwangjing commentaries and Japanese exegetical sources reveals no textual affinity with T2797; notably, Japanese works exclusively reference X686. This suggests that the transmission of T2797 was geographically limited, most likely to the Dunhuang (敦煌) region, where local production and circulation of Buddhist manuscripts were prevalent.

Keywords

Fanwangjing

Fanwangjing Shuji Juan Diyi

Seungjang

Fanwangjing Pusa Jieben Suji

Dunhuang Manuscripts

Buddhist Philology

Buddhist Exegetical Tradition

본 연구는 신라 승려 승장의 『범망경보살계본술기』(X686)와의 문헌학적 분석을 바탕으로 『범망경술기권제일』(T2797)의 문헌 동일성, 성립 연대, 저자의 문제를 분석하였다. 또한 T2797이 동아시아에서 유통되었는지를 현존하는 4종의 『범망경술기』 및 일본 주석서들을 토대로 조사하였다. 이를 통해 다음을 규명할 수 있었다.
본고는 우선 과문(科文)을 통해 분석한 결과 두 문헌의 대분류 과문이 5가지로 동일하지만, 각 과문에 해당하는 본문의 분량이 다름을 밝혔다. 더 나아가 인용 문헌과 어휘 구사의 측면에서도, 두 문헌 간 내용이 대응하지 않는 문장이 상당히 발견되었으며, 동일한 『범망경』 경문에 대한 각기 다른 문증(文證)이 있음도 규명하였다. T2797에서 X686에는 없는 다수의 주석문이 발견되었고 T2797이 X686의 문장을 참고하여 수정·추가하고 심지어 반론을 취한 듯한 사례가 존재한다. 이러한 네 가지 이유로 두 문헌은 별도로 성립했고, T2797의 성립 연대가 X686보다 뒤라고 추론한다.
더 나아가 T2797은 승장의 역장 참여 시기까지 소급될 수 있어서 승장의 저술일 수도 있다. 만일 두 문헌의 저자가 동일하다면 기존에 펴낸 자신의 주석서 X686을 재편집한 문헌이 T2797이었다고 볼 수도 있겠다. 한편 저자가 상이하다면, T2797의 저자는 최소 710여 년경 승장과 동시대이거나 그 이후에 활동했으며, 현장이 번역한 최신 번역서들의 영향권 하에 있었고, 아비달마 교학적 지식이 있었다. 또한 저자 나름대로 X686을 재편집하려고 했다.
현존하는 4종의 『범망경술기』 및 일본 주석서들을 통해 T2797가 동아시아에서 유통되었는지도 살펴보았다. 그 결과 T2797은 현전본(現傳本) 『범망경술기』 4종과는 문헌적 친연성이 없고, 일본의 주석서는 X686만 인용하고 있다. 따라서 T2797은 우선은 돈황 지역에서만 유통 흔적을 발견할 수 있었다.
본 연구는 당나라에서 활약한 신라 승려 승장의 『범망경』 이해가 돈황 지역에 유통되었다는 하나의 사례가 될 것이라 기대한다.

키워드

『범망경』

『범망경술기권제일』

승장

『범망경보살계본술기』

돈황문서

불교문헌학

불교 주석 전통

References

◆ 약호 및 일차 문헌 Abbreviations and Primary Sources

T Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經, ed by TAKAKUS, Junjirō 高楠順次郞 and WATANABE Kaikyoku 渡邊海旭, 100 vols. Tokyo: Daizōkyōkai, 1924-1935.
X Manji shinsan Dai Nihon zokuzōkyō 卍新纂大日本續藏經 (Revised reprint of the Dai Nihon zokuzōkyō), eds. by KAWAMURA Kōshō 河村照孝, et al. 88 vols. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankōkai, 1975-1989.
C Zhonghua Dazangjing 中華大藏經 (Based on the Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka 趙城金藏, supplemented with the Goryeo daejanggyeong 高麗大藏經 and other historical editions of the Buddhist canon), eds. by Zhonghua Shuju 中華書局, et al. 107 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1984-1996.
P PELLIOT, Paul (1878-1945) collection, Chinese Dunhuang Fragments in the Bibliothèque nationale de France., The images of the manuscript were sourced from The International Dunhuang Programme (idp.bl.uk).

1. 『범망경술기』 관련 일차 문헌

『梵網經菩薩戒本述記』 X686.
『梵網經述記卷第一』 T2797.
『梵網經述記卷第一』 P2286.
『(會本)梵網経述記』 ‘242.4-52_W-1-4’ [call number] in the collection of the Ryukoku University Library (龍谷大学図書館).
『(會本)梵網経述記』 ‘242.4-53_W-1-4’ [call number] in the collection of the Ryukoku University Library (龍谷大学図書館).
『梵網経述記』 ‘オ08-0137-001’ [call number] in the collection of the National Institute of Japanese Literature (国文学研究資料館).
『梵網經述記』 ‘餘大.229’ [call number] in the collection of the Ōtani University Library (大谷大学図書館).

2. 기타 일차 문헌

『大般若波羅蜜多經』 T220.
『佛說決定毘尼經』 T325.
『不空羂索神變真言經』 T1092.
『大方等陀羅尼經』 T1339.
『根本說一切有部尼陀那目得迦』 T1452.
『毘尼母經』 T1463.
『梵網經』 T1484.
『大智度論』 T1509.
『阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論』 T1545.
『阿毘達磨順正理論』 T1562.
『瑜伽師地論』 T1579.
『菩薩地持經』 T1581.
『大乘阿毘達磨集論』 T1605.
『大乘阿毘達磨雜集論』 T1606.
『仁王經疏』 T1708.
『菩薩戒義疏』 T1811.
『梵網經菩薩戒本疏』 T1813.
『大乘入道次第』 T1864.
『一切經音義』 C1163.
『律戒本疏卷1』 P2157.
『梵網經菩薩戒本疏紀要三巻』京師 (Kyoto): 河南四郎右衛門 (Kawanami Shiroemon), 1724(享保9), ‘日藏/既刊/92’[call number], in the Kyoto University Rare Materials Digital Archive (京都大学貴重資料デジタルアーカイブ).
『梵網經戒本疏紀要卷四』東京 (Tokyo): 日本大蔵経編纂会 (Nihon daizōkyō hensankai), 1917(大正6), in the collection of the Keio University (慶應義塾大学).

◆ 이차 문헌 Secondary Literature

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_______. 2012c. 『日本仏教各宗の新羅・高麗・李朝仏教認識に関する研究第2巻・下日本三論宗・法相宗にみられる海東仏教認識 ―法相宗の部―』 [*A Study on the Recognition of Silla, Goryeo, and Joseon Buddhism in Various Japanese Buddhist Sects, Vol. 2, Part 2: Recognition of Eastern Buddhism in Japanese Sanron and Hossō Sects: Hossō Sect], Yamanashi Prefecture: 身延山大学東アジア仏教研究室 (Minobusan University East Asian Buddhist Studies Laboratory).
_______. 2012d. 『日本仏教各宗の新羅・高麗・李朝仏教認識に関する研究第3巻日本華厳宗にみられる海東仏教認識』 [*A Study on the Recognition of Silla, Goryeo, and Joseon Buddhism in Various Japanese Buddhist Sects, Vol. 3: Recognition of Eastern Buddhism in Japanese Kegon Sect], Yamanashi Prefecture: 身延山大学東アジア仏教研究室 (Minobusan University East Asian Buddhist Studies Laboratory).
_______. 2010. 「日本律蔵関係章疏にみられる朝鮮仏教認識について」 [*“On the Recognition of Korean Buddhism in Vinaya Canon Commentaries made by Japanese”], 『宗教研究』 (Journal of Religious Studies), vol. 83(4), 1474-1475.
KIM, Youngtae 김영태 ed.. 2015. 『동아시아 한국불교사료 일본문헌 편』 [*East Asian Korean Buddhist Historical Materials: Japanese Sources], Seoul: 동국대학교출판부 (Dongguk University Press).
Kokusai Bukkyōgaku Daigakuin Daigaku Fuzoku Toshokan (国際仏教学大学院大学附属図書館). 2015. 『大蔵経対照目録 II 大正蔵・敦煌出土仏典対照目録暫定第 3 版』 [THE TAISHŌ CANON CONCORDANCE SERIES II A Concordance to the Taishō Canon and Dunhuang Buddhist Manuscripts, Third (Provisional) Edition], Tokyo: 国際仏教学大学院大学附属図書館 (International Institute for Buddhist Studies Library).
LEE, Jongsu 李鍾壽. 2015. 「龍谷大学所蔵の韓国撰述仏書の文献的意味」 [*“The Bibliographical Significance of Korean Buddhist Works Held by Ryukoku University”], 『佛教文化研究所紀要』 (Bulletin of the Institute of Buddhist Culture), vol. 53, 29-40.
MAKITA, Tairyō 牧田諦亮 supervisor. OCHIAI, Toshinori 落合俊典 ed.. 1988. 『七寺古逸経典研究叢書　第6巻　中国・日本経典章疏目録』 [*Nanajidera Ancient Buddhist Scriptures Research Series Vol. 6: Catalogue of Chinese and Japanese Sutra Commentaries], Tokyo: 大東出版社 (Daito Publishing).
PARK, Gwangyeon 박광연. 2017. 「보살계 사상의 전개와 원효 『菩薩戒本持犯要記』의 성격」 [“Philosophical Development of Bodhisattva Precepts and Wŏnhyo’s Posalgyepon jibŏm yogi (菩薩戒本持犯要記)”], 『한국고대사연구』 (Korean Ancient History Studies), vol. 86, 83-112.10.37331/JKAH.2017.06.86.83
_______. 2012. 「『彌勒上生經述贊』의 저자 및 성격에 대한 고찰」 [“A Study on the Author and Character of the Mireuk Sangsaeng gyeong Sulchan”], 『한국사상사학』 (Korean Thought History), vol. 40, 253-277.
PARK, Seongil 박성일. 2024. 「대정신수대장경본 『범망경술기권제일(梵網經述記卷第一)』(T2797)의 비판적 검토-펠리오본 『범망경술기』(P2286) 등과의 비교 분석을 바탕으로-」 [*“A Critical Review of the Fanwangjing Shuji Juan Diyi (T2797) in the Taishō shinshū daizōkyō Edition: Based on Comparative Analysis with the Fanwangjing Shuji in the Pelliot manuscript (P2286)”], Hapcheon: 『보살계연구회 학술대회 “보살의 이상과 현실: 인도에서 한국까지” 자료집』 (Proceedings of the Bodhisattva Precepts Research Academic Conference ‘The Ideal and Reality of the Bodhisattva: From India to Korea), 51-78.
Seungjang 승장 au. HAN Myeongsuk 한명숙 trans. 2011. 『범망경술기』 [Commentary on the Brahma Net Sutra], Seoul: 동국대학교출판부 (Dongguk University Press).
TOKUDA, myohon 徳田明本 ed. 1974. 『律宗文献目錄』 [*Catalogue of Vinaya School Literature], Kyoto: 百華苑 (Hyakkaen).
Ven. Beopjang(LEE, Chunghwan)[法長(李忠煥)]. 2019. 「勝莊の戒律思想―『瑜伽師地論』との関係性を中心として―」 [“Sŭngjang’s 勝莊 Idea of the Precepts : Their Relationship with the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra 瑜伽師地論”], 『印度學佛教學研究』 (Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies), vol. 68(1), 277-284.10.4259/ibk.68.1_272
XIA, demei 夏徳美 au. SHIMURA, Atsuhiro 志村敦弘 trans.. 2021. 「新羅の勝荘と『梵網経述記』」 [“A Research on Silla Seungjang and the Fanwangjing shuji”], 『東アジア仏教学術論集』 (Proceedings of the International Conference on East Asian Buddhism), vol. 9, 35-86.

[참고 웹사이트]

國際敦煌項目(IDP): “idp.bl.uk”
CBETA online: “cbetaonline.dila.edu.tw”
HathiTrust: “babel.hathitrust.org”
京都大学貴重資料デジタルアーカイブ: “rmda.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp”
国書データベース: “kokusho.nijl.ac.jp/biblio”(国文学研究資料館)
龍谷大学図書館貴重資料画像データベース: “da.library.ryukoku.ac.jp”

Information

Publisher :Korean Association of Buddhist Studies
Publisher(Ko) :불교학연구회
Journal Title :Korean Journal of Buddhist Studies
Journal Title(Ko) :불교학연구
Volume : 83
Pages :10.21482/jbs.83..202
DOI :https://doi.org/55∼97

[1] T Taishō shinshū daizōkyō 大正新脩大藏經, ed by TAKAKUS, Junjirō 高楠順次郞 and WATANABE Kaikyoku 渡邊海旭, 100 vols. Tokyo: Daizōkyōkai, 1924-1935.

[2] X Manji shinsan Dai Nihon zokuzōkyō 卍新纂大日本續藏經 (Revised reprint of the Dai Nihon zokuzōkyō), eds. by KAWAMURA Kōshō 河村照孝, et al. 88 vols. Tokyo: Kokusho Kankōkai, 1975-1989.

[3] C Zhonghua Dazangjing 中華大藏經 (Based on the Zhaocheng Jin Tripitaka 趙城金藏, supplemented with the Goryeo daejanggyeong 高麗大藏經 and other historical editions of the Buddhist canon), eds. by Zhonghua Shuju 中華書局, et al. 107 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1984-1996.

[4] P PELLIOT, Paul (1878-1945) collection, Chinese Dunhuang Fragments in the Bibliothèque nationale de France., The images of the manuscript were sourced from The International Dunhuang Programme (idp.bl.uk).

[5] 『梵網經菩薩戒本述記』 X686.

[6] 『梵網經述記卷第一』 T2797.

[7] 『梵網經述記卷第一』 P2286.

[8] 『(會本)梵網経述記』 ‘242.4-52_W-1-4’ [call number] in the collection of the Ryukoku University Library (龍谷大学図書館).

[9] 『(會本)梵網経述記』 ‘242.4-53_W-1-4’ [call number] in the collection of the Ryukoku University Library (龍谷大学図書館).

[10] 『梵網経述記』 ‘オ08-0137-001’ [call number] in the collection of the National Institute of Japanese Literature (国文学研究資料館).

[11] 『梵網經述記』 ‘餘大.229’ [call number] in the collection of the Ōtani University Library (大谷大学図書館).

[12] 『大般若波羅蜜多經』 T220.

[13] 『佛說決定毘尼經』 T325.

[14] 『不空羂索神變真言經』 T1092.

[15] 『大方等陀羅尼經』 T1339.

[16] 『根本說一切有部尼陀那目得迦』 T1452.

[17] 『毘尼母經』 T1463.

[18] 『梵網經』 T1484.

[19] 『大智度論』 T1509.

[20] 『阿毘達磨大毘婆沙論』 T1545.

[21] 『阿毘達磨順正理論』 T1562.

[22] 『瑜伽師地論』 T1579.

[23] 『菩薩地持經』 T1581.

[24] 『大乘阿毘達磨集論』 T1605.

[25] 『大乘阿毘達磨雜集論』 T1606.

[26] 『仁王經疏』 T1708.

[27] 『菩薩戒義疏』 T1811.

[28] 『梵網經菩薩戒本疏』 T1813.

[29] 『大乘入道次第』 T1864.

[30] 『一切經音義』 C1163.

[31] 『律戒本疏卷1』 P2157.

[32] 『梵網經菩薩戒本疏紀要三巻』京師 (Kyoto): 河南四郎右衛門 (Kawanami Shiroemon), 1724(享保9), ‘日藏/既刊/92’[call number], in the Kyoto University Rare Materials Digital Archive (京都大学貴重資料デジタルアーカイブ).

[33] 『梵網經戒本疏紀要卷四』東京 (Tokyo): 日本大蔵経編纂会 (Nihon daizōkyō hensankai), 1917(大正6), in the collection of the Keio University (慶應義塾大学).

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