A Study of Gotrabhū in Pāli Literature
- Focused on the concept and its development

doi:10.21482/jbs.69..202112.23

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투고논문

A Study of Gotrabhū in Pāli Literature - Focused on the concept and its development 빨리 문헌의 고뜨라부(gotrabhū)에 관한 고찰 －개념과 발전 양상을 중심으로: 한상희
Sang-Hee Han; 경북대학교 철학과 강사

Lecturer, Department of Philosophy Kyungpook National University

31 December 2021. pp. 23-53

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Abstract

This thesis examines the concept of ‘gotrabhū’ and its development in Pāli literature from Nikāya to Abhidhamma. In Pāli literature, we can find a technical term ‘gotrabhū’, a combination of ‘gotra’ and ‘bhū’; ‘gotra’ is Sanskrit form of Pāli gotta meaning ‘lineage’. When ‘gotrabhū’ refers to a person, in Majjhimanikāya ‘gotrabhū’ is described as a person who acts inappropriately and is far from a saint. But in Aṅguttaranikāya, Puggalapaññatti and Kathāvatthu, it means a person who is in the state just before entering Sotāpattimagga, the first stage of saints.
And it seems that the meaning of ‘gotrabhū’, which meant a person who has a state or condition to become a saint, has gradually developed to refer to the state of mind or awareness that such person possesses. In Paṭisambhidāmagga, ‘gotrabhū’ means the first state of leaping into nibbāna and the state in which the elements that must be overcome in order to attain jhānas or the paths of the saints are removed, and this presents a new interpretation. In Paṭṭhāna, it develops into a concept that clearly represents a state of awareness, meaning a state of mind that is experienced only once just before the Sotāpattimagga. This leads to the theory of javana in Visuddhimagga, in which ‘gotrabhū’ means one of the mind of javana just before samādhis and the path of the saints, at the time of attaining jhānas and entering lokuttara respectively.
Also, according to the explanations of commentaries and subcommentaries, the meaning of ‘gotrabhū’ can be interpreted as three ways: first, overcoming (abhibhavana) negative factors such as puthujjana or nīvaraṇa and positive factors like previous magga or phala; second, producing (bhāvanā) the lineage of saints; and third, maintaining (dhāraṇa) of just the name of samaṇa.

Keywords

gotrabhū

ariya

nibbāna

Nikāya

Paṭisambhidāmagga

Visuddhimagga

본 논문은 니까야(Nikāya)에서 아비담마(Abhidhamma)에 이르기까지의 빨리(Pāli) 문헌에 나타나는 ‘고뜨라부(gotrabhū)’의 개념과 그 발전양상을 규명한 것이다.
빨리 문헌에는 ‘가계’나 ‘혈통’을 뜻하는 용어인 gotta의 산스끄리뜨어 형태 ‘gotra’에 ‘bhū’가 결합된 술어인 gotrabhū가 나타난다. 고뜨라부가 사람을 가리키는 경우, 바르지 않은 행위를 하고 성자와 거리가 먼 사람으로 묘사되며 빨리 문헌에서 유일하게 부정적 의미를 가지는 『맛지마니까야』의 용례를 제외하고, 『앙굿따라니까야』와 논장인 『뿍갈라빤냣띠』 그리고 『까타왓투』에서는 성자의 첫 단계인 ‘예류도의 성자’에 들어가기 직전의 상태에 있는 사람을 의미한다.
이와 같이 성자가 되기 위한 상태나 조건을 갖춘 사람을 뜻하던 고뜨라부의 의미는 점차 그 사람이 지닌 마음이나 인식의 상태를 가리키는 것으로 발전한 것으로 보인다. 『빠띠삼비다막가』에서 고뜨라부는 열반으로 도약하는 최초의 상태와 선정이나 성자의 도과(道果)를 얻기 위해 극복되어야 할 요소가 제거된 상태를 나타내며 새로운 해석으로 전개되고, 『빳타나』에서는 예류도의 직전에 한번만 경험되는 마음의 상태를 가리키며 명확히 하나의 인식 상태를 나타내는 개념으로 발전한다. 그리고 이것은 『위숫디막가』의 속행(javana)설로 이어져 고뜨라부는 선정을 얻을 때와 출세간에 들어갈 때 각각 본삼매와 성자의 도 직전의 속행의 마음을 의미하게 된다.
또한 주석서와 복주서의 설명에 따라 고뜨라부는 첫째, 범부나 장애 등의 부정적 요소와 이전의 도과와 같은 긍정적 요소들(gotta)의 극복(abhibhavana), 둘째, 성자라는 종성(gotta)의 생성(bhāvanā), 셋째, 사문이라는 이름뿐인 종성(gotta)의 유지(dhāraṇa)라는 의미를 가지는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

키워드

고뜨라부

종성

성자

열반

니까야

빠띠삼비다막가

위숫디막가

References

◆ 약호 및 일차 문헌 ABBREVIATIONS AND PRIMARY SOURCES

AN Aṅguttaranikāya, 5vols., PTS.
DN Dīghanikāya, 3vols., PTS.
Kv Kathāvatthu, PTS.
MN Majjhimanikāya, 3vols., PTS.
Monier A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Sir Monier Monier Williams, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899.
Mp Manorathapūraṇī (Aṅguttaranikāya-aṭṭhakathā) , 5vols., PTS.
Mp-pṭ Sāratthamañjūsā(Manorathapūraṇī-purānaṭīkā), Chaṭṭasangitipitaka edititon, 1961.
Nidd I Mahāniddesa, PTS.
Paṭis Paṭisambhidāmagga, 2vols., PTS.
Paṭis-a Saddhammappakāsinī (Paṭisambhidāmagga-aṭṭhakathā) , 3vols., PTS.
PED The Pāil Text Society's Pāli-English Dictionary, PTS, 1921-25, repr. 1992, 1995, repr. with corrections 2015.
Ps Papañcasūdanī (Majjhimanikāya-aṭṭhakathā) , 5vols., PTS.
Ps-pṭ Līnatthappakāsinī(Papañcasūdanī-purāṇaṭīkā) Chaṭṭasangitipitaka edititon, 1961.
Pp Puggalapaññatti, PTS.
Pp-a Puggalapaññatti and Puggalapaññatti-aṭṭhakathā, PTS.
SN Saṃyuttanikāya, 5vols., PTS.
Sp Samantapāsādikā(Vinaya-aṭṭhakathā), PTS
Sn Suttanipāta, PTS.
Tikap Tikapaṭṭhāna, Tikapaṭṭhāna and aṭṭhakathā, 3vols., PTS.
Tikap-a Tikapaṭṭhāna-aṭṭhakathā, PTS.
Vism Visuddhimagga of Buddhaghosācariya, ed., Henry Clarke Warren, Dharmananda Kosambi (rev.), Harvard Oriental Series, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1950(repr. Delhi, 1989).

◆ 이차 문헌 SECONDARY LITERATURE

COLLINS, Steven. 1990. Selfless persons: imagery and thought in Theravāda Buddhism, New York: Cambridge University Press.
DAELIM (대림)･GAKMUK (각묵) tr. 2004. 『아비담마 길라잡이』 [Abhidhammatthasaṅgaha](상) (하), Ulsan: 초기불전연구원 (Center of Early Buddhist Studies).
LAW, Bimala Charan tr. 1992. Designation of human types (Puggala-paññatti), Oxford: Pali Text Society.
NORMAN, Kenneth Roy. 1987. "Pāli Lexicographical Studies IV", Journal of the Pāli Text Society, 11th, 37-39.
SEYFORT RUEGG, David. 1974. "Pāli Gotta/Gotra and the Term Gotrabhū in Pāli and Buddhist Sanskrit", Buddhist Studies in Honour of I. B. Horner, Dordrecht, Boston: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 199-210. 10.1007/978-94-010-2242-2_17
SEYFORT RUEGG, David. 1981. "A Further note on Pāli GOTRABHŪ", Journal of the Pāli Text Society, 9th, 175-177.
TAKASAKI, Jikido (高崎直道). 1966. 「GOTRABHŪとGOTRABHŪMI」 ["gotrabhū and gotrabhūmi"], 『印度学仏教学論集：金倉博士古稀記念』 (*Collection of Papers of Indology and Buddhist Studies od Dr. KANAKURA's Age Sevemty), Kyoto: 平楽寺書店(Heirakutera Book Store), 313-336.
TAKASAKI, Jikido. 1967, 「GOTRABHŪMI覚え書-特に般若經の十地をめぐって-」 [*Notes of Gograbhūmi; especially, daśabhūmi of Prajñāpāramitāsūtra], 『駒沢大学仏教学部研究紀要』 (The Journal of the Faculty of Buddhism of Komazawa University), vol. 25, 1-27.
von Hinüber, Oskar. 1994. "Pāli Gotrabhū: The Origin and Early Linguistic History of a Philosophical Term", Selected Papers on Pāli Studies, 91-100.
von Hinüber, Oskar. 1996. A Handbook of Pāli Literature, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110814989
WIJESEKERA, O.H. de A. 2006(1979). "The Etymology of Pali gotrabhū", Studies in Pali and Buddhism, 381-382.

Information

Publisher :Korean Association of Buddhist Studies
Publisher(Ko) :불교학연구회
Journal Title :Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies
Journal Title(Ko) :불교학연구
Volume : 69
No :0
Pages :23-53
DOI :https://doi.org/10.21482/jbs.69..202112.23

[1] AN Aṅguttaranikāya, 5vols., PTS.

[2] DN Dīghanikāya, 3vols., PTS.

[3] Kv Kathāvatthu, PTS.

[4] MN Majjhimanikāya, 3vols., PTS.

[5] Monier A Sanskrit-English Dictionary, Sir Monier Monier Williams, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899.

[6] Mp Manorathapūraṇī (Aṅguttaranikāya-aṭṭhakathā) , 5vols., PTS.

[7] Mp-pṭ Sāratthamañjūsā(Manorathapūraṇī-purānaṭīkā), Chaṭṭasangitipitaka edititon, 1961.

[8] Nidd I Mahāniddesa, PTS.

[9] Paṭis Paṭisambhidāmagga, 2vols., PTS.

[10] Paṭis-a Saddhammappakāsinī (Paṭisambhidāmagga-aṭṭhakathā) , 3vols., PTS.

[11] PED The Pāil Text Society's Pāli-English Dictionary, PTS, 1921-25, repr. 1992, 1995, repr. with corrections 2015.

[12] Ps Papañcasūdanī (Majjhimanikāya-aṭṭhakathā) , 5vols., PTS.

[13] Ps-pṭ Līnatthappakāsinī(Papañcasūdanī-purāṇaṭīkā) Chaṭṭasangitipitaka edititon, 1961.

[14] Pp Puggalapaññatti, PTS.

[15] Pp-a Puggalapaññatti and Puggalapaññatti-aṭṭhakathā, PTS.

[16] SN Saṃyuttanikāya, 5vols., PTS.

[17] Sp Samantapāsādikā(Vinaya-aṭṭhakathā), PTS

[18] Sn Suttanipāta, PTS.

[19] Tikap Tikapaṭṭhāna, Tikapaṭṭhāna and aṭṭhakathā, 3vols., PTS.

[20] Tikap-a Tikapaṭṭhāna-aṭṭhakathā, PTS.

[21] Vism Visuddhimagga of Buddhaghosācariya, ed., Henry Clarke Warren, Dharmananda Kosambi (rev.), Harvard Oriental Series, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1950(repr. Delhi, 1989).

[22] COLLINS, Steven. 1990. Selfless persons: imagery and thought in Theravāda Buddhism, New York: Cambridge University Press.

[23] DAELIM (대림)･GAKMUK (각묵) tr. 2004. 『아비담마 길라잡이』 [Abhidhammatthasaṅgaha](상) (하), Ulsan: 초기불전연구원 (Center of Early Buddhist Studies).

[24] LAW, Bimala Charan tr. 1992. Designation of human types (Puggala-paññatti), Oxford: Pali Text Society.

[25] NORMAN, Kenneth Roy. 1987. "Pāli Lexicographical Studies IV", Journal of the Pāli Text Society, 11th, 37-39.

[26] SEYFORT RUEGG, David. 1974. "Pāli Gotta/Gotra and the Term Gotrabhū in Pāli and Buddhist Sanskrit", Buddhist Studies in Honour of I. B. Horner, Dordrecht, Boston: D. Reidel Pub. Co., 199-210. 10.1007/978-94-010-2242-2_17

[27] SEYFORT RUEGG, David. 1981. "A Further note on Pāli GOTRABHŪ", Journal of the Pāli Text Society, 9th, 175-177.

[28] TAKASAKI, Jikido (高崎直道). 1966. 「GOTRABHŪとGOTRABHŪMI」 ["gotrabhū and gotrabhūmi"], 『印度学仏教学論集：金倉博士古稀記念』 (*Collection of Papers of Indology and Buddhist Studies od Dr. KANAKURA's Age Sevemty), Kyoto: 平楽寺書店(Heirakutera Book Store), 313-336.

[29] TAKASAKI, Jikido. 1967, 「GOTRABHŪMI覚え書-特に般若經の十地をめぐって-」 [*Notes of Gograbhūmi; especially, daśabhūmi of Prajñāpāramitāsūtra], 『駒沢大学仏教学部研究紀要』 (The Journal of the Faculty of Buddhism of Komazawa University), vol. 25, 1-27.

[30] von Hinüber, Oskar. 1994. "Pāli Gotrabhū: The Origin and Early Linguistic History of a Philosophical Term", Selected Papers on Pāli Studies, 91-100.

[31] von Hinüber, Oskar. 1996. A Handbook of Pāli Literature, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 10.1515/9783110814989

[32] WIJESEKERA, O.H. de A. 2006(1979). "The Etymology of Pali gotrabhū", Studies in Pali and Buddhism, 381-382.

Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies ISSN:1598-0642(Print) 불교학연구

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