Korean Journal of Buddhist Studies ISSN:1598-0642(Print) 불교학연구

This paper proposes a conceptual framework for defining and thereby detecting reference information within Indian śāstra literature. It begins by reviewing the philological system developed by Ernst Steinkellner and his collaborators to classify textual fragments that contain external references. Drawing upon Freschi and Maas’s discussion of “adaptive reuse,” the study argues that an explicit “act of referencing” within a śāstra can be categorized into four modes: 1. direct quotation, 2. quotation with minor editorial changes, 3. report, and 4. adaptation.
The paper proceeds to define “reference” as an act of attribution, discerning three necessary elements-the content (being referred to), object (or source of reference), and mode (of referencing)-that collectively constitute an attribution. An encoder who marks up reference information should search for these three fundamental elements of attribution to identify a textual fragment as an instance of explicit reference and to encode reference information systematically.
Following a discussion of the formal characteristics of these three elements as they appear in Sanskrit literature, this paper proposes a schema for encoding reference information in accordance with the TEI P5 Guidelines, using examples drawn from the Tattvasaṃgraha Encoding Project. Finally, it addresses the practical challenges involved in identifying each type of reference and offers suggestions for improving efficiency in the completion of large-scale text encoding projects.